Filarial/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection in Urban Southern India

Talaat, Kawsar R.; Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran; Swaminathan, Soumya; Gopinath, Ramya; Nutman, Thomas B.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.558

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In a previous study, we have looked at the coinfection prevalence rates in India by surveying serum samples of HIV infected patients for filaria antigens. We found a prevalence of 5–9.5% of filarial antigenemia in HIV+ patients, similar to the prevalences found in the HIV negative population in the same region [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…We found a much lower than expected rate of W . bancrofti positivity in the HIV population in and around Chennai, although our sample size calculations were based on our 2004 prevalence data in which we found that 9.5% of HIV positive subjects were filarial also antigen positive [ 16 ]. India, like other LF endemic countries of the world, is participating in the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), and is distributing single dose diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole on a population-wide level in some endemic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of W. bancrofti (Wb) in HIV/Wb Coinfections in South India

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe disease course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often altered by existing or newly acquired coincident infections.Methodology/Principal FindingsTo assess the influence of pre-existing Wuchereria bancrofti infection on HIV progression, we performed a case-controlled treatment study of HIV positive individuals with (FIL+) or without (FIL-) W. bancrofti infection. Twenty-eight HIV+/FIL+ and 51 matched HIV+/FIL- subjects were treated with a single dose of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (DEC/Alb) and followed for a year at regular intervals. Sixteen of the HIV+/FIL+ subjects (54%) and 28 of the HIV+/FIL- controls (57%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the study. Following treatment, no differences were noted in clinical outcomes between the 2 groups. There also was no significant difference between the groups in the HIV viral load at 12 months as a percentage of baseline viral load (HIV+/FIL+ group had on average 0.97 times the response of the HIV+/FIL- group, 95% CI 0.88, 1.07) between the groups. Furthermore, there were no significant differences found in either the change in viral load at 1, 3, or 6 months or in the change in CD4 count at 3, 6, or 12 months between the 2 groups.Conclusions/SignificanceWe were unable to find a significant effect of W. bancrofti infection or its treatment on HIV clinical course or surrogate markers of HIV disease progression though we recognized that our study was limited by the smaller than predicted sample size and by the use of ART in half of the patients. Treatment of W. bancrofti coinfection in HIV positive subjects (as is usual in mass drug administration campaigns) did not represent an increased risk to the subjects, and should therefore be considered for PLWHA living in W. bancrofti endemic areas.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00344279

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of W. bancrofti (Wb) in HIV/Wb Coinfections in South India

et al. 2015

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“…But, there is very little data available on the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (LF) among people with diabetes, although studies have examined the coexistence of LF with HIV [3], malaria [4] and tuberculosis [5]. Current estimates suggest that 129 million persons worldwide are infected with one of the three lymph-dwelling filariae ( Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi or B. timori ), the major causative agents of LF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis among Diabetic Subjects Associated with a Diminished Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response (CURES 83)

et al. 2010

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Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between the incidence of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and the incidence of allergies and autoimmunity. However, the interrelationship between LF and type-2 diabetes is not known and hence, a cross sectional study to assess the baseline prevalence and the correlates of sero-positivity of LF among diabetic subjects was carried out (n = 1416) as part of the CURES study. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of LF among diabetic subjects (both newly diagnosed [5.7%] and those under treatment [4.3%]) compared to pre-diabetic subjects [9.1%] (p = 0.0095) and non-diabetic subjects [10.4%] (p = 0.0463). A significant decrease in filarial antigen load (p = 0.04) was also seen among diabetic subjects. Serum cytokine levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines—IL-6 and GM-CSF—were significantly lower in diabetic subjects who were LF positive, compared to those who were LF negative. There were, however, no significant differences in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines—IL-10, IL-13 and TGF-β—between the two groups. Although a direct causal link has yet to be shown, there appears to be a striking inverse relationship between the prevalence of LF and diabetes, which is reflected by a diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine response in Asian Indians with diabetes and concomitant LF.

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“…Treatment of concomitant infections is of primary importance in the delaying of disease progression in HIV-infected individuals. HIV have been reported to be accompanied with a constellation of various opportunistic infections in the course of the disease (3,6,7) . A study by Nielsen et al reported an overall HIV prevalence of 7.9% and a 43.5% prevalence of W. bancrofti specific circulating filarial antigen (CFA) among 907 adults in the Tanga region of Tanzania (6) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymphatic filariasis is caused by a thin thread-like parasite that lives in the lymph vessels, causing a significant disability in infected people. The course of HIV depends on several factors such as the host, viral strain, type of treatment and environmental situations are part of the factors that determine the disease progression in an HIVinfected host (3) . Treatments of concomitant infections in HIV-infected persons have been adopted in slowing down the progress of HIV disease and to prolong life expectancy (4,5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Wuchereria Bancrofti Co-infection in Southern Nigeria: A Case Report

Ibeanusi

2017

IAM

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A 66-year-old male patient presented with irrational talks of 6 weeks duration and bilateral leg swelling of 2 years duration. The patient was a known hypertensive and diabetic. His Serum filarial test was very significant, and his brain Computerized Tomography scan showed cerebral atrophy. An assessment of stage 4 HIV (AIDS) was made in the background of filariasis. His Packed Cell Volume, White Blood Cell count, and Liver Function Tests were all within normal limits. Diethylcarbamazine was added to the patient HAART medication. Limb hygiene, elevation, and compressive bandage were also commenced for the swollen limbs. Two weeks into admission, a remarkable improvement was noticed. His memory was greatly improved. The irrational talk was no more, as he engaged incoherent discussions. The swelling of the limbs was greatly subsided. The patient was later discharged home after three weeks on admission to continue his treatment on an out-patient basis.

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Filarial/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection in Urban Southern India

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Treatment of W. bancrofti (Wb) in HIV/Wb Coinfections in South India

Treatment of W. bancrofti (Wb) in HIV/Wb Coinfections in South India

Decreased Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis among Diabetic Subjects Associated with a Diminished Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response (CURES 83)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Wuchereria Bancrofti Co-infection in Southern Nigeria: A Case Report

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