Filarial chyluria with opportunistic infections

Date, Anand; Chandy, Mammen; Pulimood, B M

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(83)90032-9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Progressive lymphatic damage and pathology caused by the filarial parasite is due to immense tissue alteration and immunomodulation, which also promotes secondary infection by bacteria and fungus [40,41]. Previous researchers have reported bacterial and fungal co-infections in LF patients during the progression of elephantiasis [18,19,21]. However, the study of the diagnosis of fungal co-infection has been neglected to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular evidence on the occurrence of co-infection with Pichia guilliermondii and Wuchereria bancrofti in two filarial endemic districts of India

Mukherjee

Saini

et al. 2014

Infect Dis Poverty

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BackgroundLymphatic filariasis (LF), a vector-borne parasitic disease, is endemic in several parts of India and mostly affects the poor or those with a low-income. The disease results in huge numbers of morbidities, disabilities, and deaths every year. Association of co-infection with other pathogens makes the condition more severe. Although co-infection is becoming a growing area of research, it is yet to emerge as a frontier research topic in filarial research specifically. This study reports the occurrence of a fungal infection in a large number of patients suffering from bancroftian filariasis in two districts of West Bengal, India.MethodsNocturnal blood samples from filarial patients containing parasites and fungus were initially co-cultured, and further the fungus was isolated and characterized. Molecular identification of the isolate was carried out by PCR-based selective amplification and sequencing of highly-conserved D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, whereas pathogenicity was determined by amplification of the RPS0 gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to study the relationship between the isolate and common pathogenic yeasts. The isolate was studied for antibiotic sensitivity, whereas morphological characterization was performed by microscopic techniques.ResultsThe isolate was identified as Pichia guilliermondii and this fungus was found to exist in co-infection with Wuchereria bancrofti in filarial patients. The fungus showed resistance to azole antifungals, griseofulvin, and, amphotericin B, whereas significant susceptibility was evident in cases of nystatin and cycloheximide. A total of 197 out of 222 patients showed this co-infection.ConclusionThis study revealed, for the first time, that P. guilliermondii exists as a co-infection in microfilaraemic individuals living in a filarial endemic zone. The findings are important and have relevance to human health, especially for filarial patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Date et al [19] reported severe lymphocytopenia, extensive mucosal candidiasis, and disseminated cryptococcosis in patients with long-standing filarial chyluria with immunological abnormalities. Recently, Metenou et al [20] reviewed experimental findings on filaria/mycobacteria or filaria/ Plasmodium co-infections in filarial patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evidence on the occurrence of co-infection with Pichia guilliermondii and Wuchereria bancrofti in two filarial endemic districts of India

Mukherjee

Saini

et al. 2014

Infect Dis Poverty

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Immunologic studies in patients with chyluria

et al. 1985

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Patients with chyluria, postoperative chylothorax, or surgical thoracic duct drainage are depleted of lymphocytes, IgA, and C3 as a result of the loss of lymphatic cellular and humoral elements, but the specific defects have not been well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the immunologic status of three patients with longstanding chyluria who were lymphopenic but did not have evidence of opportunistic infections. All patients had normal levels of immunoglobulins except for a moderate decrease in the IgA fraction, a normal antibody response to viral agents, and a normal hypersensitivity response to at least one of six recall antigens. Their complement levels were essentially normal. All were leukopenic because of decreased numbers of circulating lymphocytes. Two had depressed relative and absolute numbers of OKT4 (helper/inducer) T cells and normal or increased relative numbers of OKT8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) T cells, resulting in a marked reversal of the OKT4 to OKT8 ratio. The third was severely depleted of both OKT4 and OKT8 cells. The response of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogen stimulation was reduced, but they all had normal or increased absolute and relative numbers of natural killer (NK) cells as defined by HNK-1 or OKM-1. Their NK activity was less than that of normal controls unless stimulated by interferon, suggesting that many of the NK cells were immature. Normal delayed hypersensitivity, reduced but effective mitogen stimulation, and a normal NK response after interferon may be factors that protect these patients against opportunistic infections and neoplasms.

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Renal Disease in the Tropics

Schmeißer¹,

John²

2024

Manson's Tropical Diseases

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Filarial chyluria with opportunistic infections

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Molecular evidence on the occurrence of co-infection with Pichia guilliermondii and Wuchereria bancrofti in two filarial endemic districts of India

Molecular evidence on the occurrence of co-infection with Pichia guilliermondii and Wuchereria bancrofti in two filarial endemic districts of India

Immunologic studies in patients with chyluria

Renal Disease in the Tropics

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