Filaments of crime: Informing policing via thresholded ridge estimation

Moews, Ben; Argueta, Jaime R.; Gieschen, Antonia

doi:10.1016/j.dss.2021.113518

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Based on the foregoing, it would be most correct to consider "combating crime" as a term that unites all the activities. Prevention should become relevant when it comes to a potential but not yet conceived crime (prevention) [7][8][9]; about a crime conceived and prepared but not yet committed at the stage of preparation (prevention) [10,11]; about a crime started but still unfinished at the stage of attempt (suppression) [12]. If a crime is over, then it is time to carry out measures to combat (identification, disclosure, investigation, etc.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of crime by criminal law and operational-search means

et al. 2021

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In the early 2000s, the Russian legislator massively introduced the term “preventing crime” into regulations thus replacing the concept of “fighting against crime”. Thus, the changes influenced federal law No. 130-FZ “Combating Terrorism” dated 25 July 1998 and many other laws. The very concept of the state’s response to violation of the established prohibitions has changed. If in the old version of the laws, punishment for committing a crime was the main preventive measure, then in the new understanding the key efforts of the state should have been focused on preventing the very event of a crime. On the one hand, this is an absolutely correct step, since it is much more profitable for the state (in socio-economic, political and other respects) to keep the population from violating the established rules than to be forced to launch a complex and expensive criminal procedural mechanism (to identify, disclose, investigate crimes, consider them in court, execute punishment, etc.). On the other hand, in the new laws, the term “prevention” is used ambiguously, to both characterise “crime prevention” activities and characterise “crime control” activities. The research objective is to find the most optimal ways to eliminate theoretical and practical contradictions arising from the law enforcement in connection with the tautology of the texts of federal laws in the field of combating crime. In the course of the research, the dialectical method of cognition was used, as well as general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical, systemic and structural methods) and specific scientific methods of cognition (historical, statistical and formal-legal). It is proposed to unify the definition of “combating crime” by introducing the same definitions into the federal law “Operational Investigative Activity”, “Countering Terrorism”, and other regulatory documents related to “combating crime”.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of crime by criminal law and operational-search means

et al. 2021

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“…It has been used in cosmology to obtain cosmic filaments in galaxy catalogues (Chen et al 2014a,b) and simulations (Chen et al 2015b). This algo-rithm has also been applied to weak lensing maps by the Dark Energy Survey (Moews et al 2020); to galactic simulations in order to study filaments formed in interactions with satellite galaxies (Hendel et al 2019); and even in the analysis of the location of crimes in cities (Moews et al 2021).…”

Section: Subspace-constrained Mean Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel cosmic filament catalogue from SDSS data

Duque

Migliaccio

Marinucci

et al. 2022

A&A

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Aims. In this work we present a new catalogue of cosmic filaments obtained from the latest Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) public data. Methods. In order to detect filaments, we implement a version of the Subspace-Constrained Mean-Shift algorithm that is boosted by machine learning techniques. This allows us to detect cosmic filaments as one-dimensional maxima in the galaxy density distribution. Our filament catalogue uses the cosmological sample of SDSS, including Data Release 16, and therefore inherits its sky footprint (aside from small border effects) and redshift coverage. In particular, this means that, taking advantage of the quasar sample, our filament reconstruction covers redshifts up to z = 2.2, making it one of the deepest filament reconstructions to our knowledge. We follow a tomographic approach and slice the galaxy data in 269 shells at different redshift. The reconstruction algorithm is applied to 2D spherical maps. Results. The catalogue provides the position and uncertainty of each detection for each redshift slice. The quality of our detections, which we assess with several metrics, show improvement with respect to previous public catalogues obtained with similar methods. We also detect a highly significant correlation between our filament catalogue and galaxy cluster catalogues built from microwave observations of the Planck Satellite and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.

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sconce: a cosmic web finder for spherical and conic geometries

Zhang

Chen

2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The latticework structure known as the cosmic web provides a valuable insight into the assembly history of large-scale structures. Despite the variety of methods to identify the cosmic web structures, they mostly rely on the assumption that galaxies are embedded in a Euclidean geometric space. Here we present a novel cosmic web identifier called SCONCE (Spherical and CONic Cosmic wEb finder) that inherently considers the 2D (RA,DEC) spherical or the 3D (RA,DEC,z) conic geometry. The proposed algorithms in SCONCE generalize the well-known subspace constrained mean shift (SCMS) method and primarily address the predominant filament detection problem. They are intrinsic to the spherical/conic geometry and invariant to data rotations. We further test the efficacy of our method with an artificial cross-shaped filament example and apply it to the SDSS galaxy catalogue, revealing that the 2D spherical version of our algorithms is robust even in regions of high declination. Finally, using N-body simulations from Illustris, we show that the 3D conic version of our algorithms is more robust in detecting filaments than the standard SCMS method under the redshift distortions caused by the peculiar velocities of halos. Our cosmic web finder is packaged in python as SCONCE-SCMS and has been made publicly available.

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Filaments of crime: Informing policing via thresholded ridge estimation

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Prevention of crime by criminal law and operational-search means

Prevention of crime by criminal law and operational-search means

A novel cosmic filament catalogue from SDSS data

sconce: a cosmic web finder for spherical and conic geometries

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