Filamentous Artificial Virus from a Self‐Assembled Discrete Nanoribbon

Abstract

Therapeutische Viren: Ein faserförmiges künstliches Virus, das um ein supramolekulares Nanoband als Templat aufgebaut wird, umfasst das Nanoband, „small interfering RNAs“ (blaue Doppelhelices) und hydrophobe Gastspezies (rot) und transportiert Gene und Wirkstoffe effizient ins Zellinnere.

Bridging β‐Cyclodextrin Prevents Self‐Inclusion, Promotes Supramolecular Polymerization, and Promotes Cooperative Interaction with Nucleic Acids

“…Thes implest ones are those where apreformed supramolecular assembly,ormore specifically as upramolecular polymer (SMP), interacts with NAs (DNAo rR NA,s ingle-stranded or double-stranded). [9][10][11] In these cases,the assembly is not cooperative as the size of the object is determined by the primary assembly.C ooperative templating with DNAwas performed in the classical system developed by Meijer,Schenning,and co-workers, [12] where ss-DNAo ligothymine templates the co-assembly of chromophores,b ut the unicity of the base used precludes this assembly from biological applications.M ore sophisticated designs utilize the same basic construction as helical viral capsids and, therefore,logically uses peptides.T here are two beautiful such systems constructed from the same three distinct components:ap eptide-based self-assembling core, acationic head to interact with the NA,and ahydrophilic tail to impart water solubility to the system, but these systems are rather large (> 5kDa). [9,13] We report here on the careful design of ac ompletely artificial, non-peptide-like,s mall molecule (< 1.5 kDa) that self-assembles non-cooperatively through host-guest interactions at millimollar concentrations but cooperatively coassembles with an NA even at micromolar concentrations.This ultimately enabled us to transfect cells with siRNA.…”

Artificial Viruses: Exploiting Viral Trafficking for Therapeutics

“…The building of an artificial virus requires that all the components mentioned above be assembled together with the drug/DNA cargo into a single nano-sized particle whilst maintaining the functionalities of the individual components. A number of different approaches have been undertaken to combine functional components into a single virus-like vector, including the use of multifunctional fusion proteins [32], liposomes with embedded functional protein domains [165,166], and assemblies of synthetic polymers and peptides [167]. As highlighted in this review, an abundance of peptide-or protein-based transport domains from a diverse range of organisms have been characterized and may be assembled together into single multifunctional fusion proteins.…”

Peptide-nucleic acid nanostructures for transfection

“…In another approach, the shape of the nanocomplexes has been controlled through β -sheet scaffolds, which have been used for the assembly of siRNA transfection complexes (28) . In this instance, hydrophilic segments prevent amyloid formation, cationic functional groups have been added for siRNA binding, and addition of glucose renders the ribbon charge-neutral.…”