Fighting wheat rusts in China: a look back and into the future

Zhao, Jie; Kang, Zhensheng

doi:10.1186/s42483-023-00159-z

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Race identification from neighboring countries has not yet been done to understand whether Xinjiang plays any role in inter-regional migration, but it needs to be studied. The Su11 race group that was virulent to Chinese differential Suwon 11 was dominant in China during 1994–1996 ( Zhao and Kang, 2023 ) and was recently reported in Xinjiang in a previous study ( Zhan et al., 2016 ). In the present study, we found that some of the Su11 race group members were still predominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Identification of Puccinia striiformis races from the spring wheat crop in Xinjiang, China

Ma,

Awais,

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a foliar disease that affects both winter and spring wheat crops in Xinjiang, China, which is linked to Central Asia. Race identification of Pst from spring wheat in Xinjiang was not done before. In this study, a total of 216 isolates were recovered from stripe rust samples of spring wheat in the region in 2021 and multiplied using the susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169. These isolates were tested on the Chinese set of 19 wheat differential lines for identifying Pst races. A total of 46 races were identified. Races Suwon-11-1, Suwon11-12, and CYR32 had high frequencies in the spring wheat region. The frequencies of virulence factors on differentials “Fulhard” and “Early Premium” were high (>95%), whereas the virulence factor to differential “Triticum spelta var. Album” (Yr5) was not detected, while virulence to other differentials showed variable frequency within different counties. The predominant races in winter wheat in the same season were also detected from spring wheat cultivars, indicating Pst spreading from winter wheat to spring wheat crops. Deploying resistance genes in spring and winter wheat cultivars is critical for control stripe rust.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Identification of Puccinia striiformis races from the spring wheat crop in Xinjiang, China

Ma,

Awais,

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…China is the world’s largest producer of wheat, generating 128 million metric tons per annum ( Zhao and Kang, 2023 ). In China, wheat is cultivated across multiple environmentally unique and geographically isolated regions, giving rise to multiple strains of the parasitic fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the effective use of fungicides to combat recent epidemics, deployment of R-genes against virulent Pst races remains the most economically and environmentally viable approach ( Zhao and Kang, 2023 ). Currently, the dominant Pst races in China, designated with the CYR (Chinese yellow rust) prefix, are CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34 ( Zhao and Kang, 2023 ). Over the last century, the Yr wheat resistance genes Yr9 , Yr10 , Yr17 , and Yr26 have been extensively used in breeding for wheat stripe rust resistance ( Han et al., 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of stripe rust resistance in seedling stage and Yr gene incidence in spring and winter wheat from Xinjiang, China

Lai,

Shen,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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BackgroundStripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), poses a significant threat to global wheat production.ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the distribution of stripe rust resistance genes, characterize resistance phenotypes at the seedling stage of 137 spring and 149 winter wheat varieties in Xinjiang, China, and discern differences in resistance between spring and winter wheat varieties.DesignWe used various Pst races (CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, CYR34) to characterize seedling resistance of spring and winter wheat varieties and to correlate resistance to the presence of wheat resistance genes (Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr41, Yr80, Yr81) using molecular markers.ResultsAmong spring wheat varieties, 62, 60, 42, 26, 51, and 24 varieties exhibited resistance to CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34, respectively, with four varieties resistant to all varieties. Among winter wheat varieties, 66, 32, 69, 26, 83, 40 varieties demonstrated resistance to CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34, respectively, with four varieties resistant to all varieties. Molecular testing revealed that, in spring wheat, 2, 17, 21, 61, 10, 0, 10, 79, and 32 varieties carried Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr41, Yr80, and Yr81 genes, respectively. In winter wheat, 40, 20, 7, 143, 15, 1, 6, 38, and 54 varieties carried Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr41, Yr80, and Yr81 genes, respectively. Notably, winter wheat exhibited a significantly higher resistance frequency than spring wheat, particularly in the incidence of Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, Yr18, and multi-gene combinations.ConclusionIn summary, this study provides information on seedling stage resistance to stripe rust 286 Xinjiang wheat varieties, elucidates the distribution of resistance genes in this population, and offers a mechanistic basis for breeding durable resistance in wheat. varieties from Xinjiang.

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“…Severe epidemics of wheat stripe rust are all caused by the asexual urediniospores since several cycles of asexual reproduction can be completed in a single wheat season. The sexual stage, which was unknown until recently, is on Berberis and Mahonia (Jin et al, 2010; Zhao et al, 2023). Although tens of Berberis and Mahonia species could be served as alternate hosts for Pst, the frequency of the sexual reproduction was low partially due to the incompatible phenology of the hosts (Zhao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genomic analyses reveal extensive genomic regions within selective sweeps associated with adaptation and demographic history of a wheat fungal pathogen

Xing,

Xia,

Huang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Plant pathogens can quickly evolve in response to the changing host and environment, resulting in destructive epidemics. The fungusPuccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici(Pst), causing wheat stripe rust disease worldwide, is one such pathogen. In the arms race between pathogens and hosts, changes in host populations exerted continuous selective forces on the dynamics of pathogens. However, the footprints of these selection forces and the demography ofPstremain poorly explored, limited our understanding the evolutionary processes that shape the spread and evolution of pathogens. In this study, we revealed several features of worldwidePstpopulations through population genomic analyses. There might be limited gene flow betweenPstpopulations from China and other countries. A slower rate of linkage disequilibrium decay was detected comparing to rust fungi with known sexual reproduction. Furthermore, we detected extensive hard and soft sweeps associated withPstadaptation. Genes within the selective sweeps were enriched in secreted proteins and effectors and showed functions related to pathogenicity or virulence, temperature tolerance, and fungicide resistance implying that ChinesePstpopulations suffered positive selection pressures from host and abiotic factors. Moreover, demographic history indicatedPstpopulations experienced strong bottlenecks at the beginning of the wheat domestication around 10,000 years ago and during modern agriculture around 100 years ago, suggesting that the crop domestication and breeding programs could continuously contribute to the decline of pathogen effective population sizes. Our results provided insights into the evolution of thePstgenome and highlighted the role of modern agriculture on pathogen demography.Author SummaryWheat stripe rust, as a pathogen of wheat, is capable of inducing significant yield reduction on a global scale. Traditional epidemiological investigations have elucidated the causative agent behind this disease, the wheat stripe rust pathogen, as an organism exhibiting swift adaptive evolution in response to its environment.However, the precise mechanisms underpinning its adaptive strategies and the ensuing alterations in population dynamics remain relatively unexplored.In our research, we have undertaken an analysis encompassing wheat stripe rust samples throughout the world. Employing population genomics methods, we have sought to discern the genomic footprints corresponding to the adaptive process within the pathogen. These genomic footprints have illuminated the operation of positive selection pressures caused by both the host plant and the ecological context.Concurrently, it have provided insights into the population size that the wheat stripe rust pathogen has undergone over millennia. Notably, its change in population size revealed the demographic history associated with wheat domestication.

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Fighting wheat rusts in China: a look back and into the future

Cited by 27 publications

References 152 publications

Identification of Puccinia striiformis races from the spring wheat crop in Xinjiang, China

Identification of Puccinia striiformis races from the spring wheat crop in Xinjiang, China

Comparative analysis of stripe rust resistance in seedling stage and Yr gene incidence in spring and winter wheat from Xinjiang, China

Population genomic analyses reveal extensive genomic regions within selective sweeps associated with adaptation and demographic history of a wheat fungal pathogen

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