Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics

Park, You Jeong; Farooq, Jeffrey; Cho, Justin; Sadanandan, Nadia; Cozene, Blaise; Gonzales-Portillo, Bella; Saft, Madeline; Borlongan, Maximillian C.; Borlongan, Mia C.; Shytle, R. Douglas; Willing, Alison E.; Garbuzova‐Davis, Svitlana; Sanberg, Paul R.; Borlongan, Cesar V.

doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10026-5

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Currently, as observed in various reports globally as well as in Pakistan, supportive treatment, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation remain the primary treatment choices for medical practitioners. Therapeutic options that are being considered and used include antiviral, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory medications; interferon therapy; convalescent plasma therapy; hyperimmunoglobulin; oligonucleotide-based therapies; and, rarely, RNA interference and mesenchymal stem cell therapy [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Treatment Options Used for the Management of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study

Akhtar¹,

Akhtar²,

Rahman³

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Since the first reports of COVID-19 infection, the foremost requirement has been to identify a treatment regimen that not only fights the causative agent but also controls the associated complications of the infection. Due to the time-consuming process of drug discovery, physicians have used readily available drugs and therapies for treatment of infections to minimize the death toll. Objective The aim of this study is to provide a snapshot analysis of the major drugs used in a cohort of 1562 Pakistani patients during the period from May to July 2020, when the first wave of COVID-19 peaked in Pakistan. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed to provide an overview of the major drugs used in a cohort of 1562 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the four major tertiary-care hospitals in the Rawalpindi-Islamabad region of Pakistan during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in the country (May-July 2020). Results Antibiotics were the most common choice out of all the therapies employed, and they were used as first line of treatment for COVID-19. Azithromycin was the most prescribed drug for treatment. No monthly trend was observed in the choice of antibiotics, and these drugs appeared to be a random but favored choice throughout the months of the study. It was also noted that even antibiotics used for multidrug resistant infections were prescribed irrespective of the severity or progression of the infection. The results of the analysis are alarming, as this approach may lead to antibiotic resistance and complications in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. A total of 1562 patients (1064 male, 68.1%, and 498 female, 31.9%) with a mean age of 47.35 years (SD 17.03) were included in the study. The highest frequency of patient hospitalizations occurred in June (846/1562, 54.2%). Conclusions Guidelines for a targeted treatment regime are needed to control related complications and to limit the misuse of antibiotics in the management of COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Treatment Options Used for the Management of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study

Akhtar¹,

Akhtar²,

Rahman³

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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“…At the time of writing this review, around 80 clinical trials are registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov that have utilized cell- based strategies including stem cells (mostly MSCs) and their derivatives (e.g., exosomes), memory T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells for treating COVID-19 and its related organ injuries. However, there are limited data on MSC therapy in pre-clinical studies, especially on models of lung injury of COVID-19 ( Khoury et al, 2020 ; Ramezankhani et al, 2020 ; Ferreras et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2021 ; Pérez-Martínez et al, 2021 ). Disease modeling ( in vitro, in vivo , or both) is considered to be one of the major components of RM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of COVID-19 Modeling Based on Regenerative Medicine

Larijani

Foroughi-Heravani

Abedi

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic since December 2019 that originated in Wuhan, China. Soon after that, the world health organization declared Coronavirus disease-2019 a global health concern. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for a lethal respiratory infection as well as the involvement of other organs due to its large tropism spectrum such as neurologic, cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. Since the behavior of the virus is not fully understood, a new manifestation of the infection is revealed every day. In order to be able to design more efficient drugs and vaccines to treat the infection, finding out the exact mechanism of pathogenicity would be necessary. Although there have been some big steps toward understanding the relevant process, there are still some deficiencies in this field. Accordingly, regenerative medicine (RM), can offer promising opportunities in discovering the exact mechanisms and specific treatments. For instance, since it is not always possible to catch the pathophysiology mechanisms in human beings, several modeling methods have been introduced in this field that can be studied in three main groups: stem cell-based models, organoids, and animal models. Regarding stem cell-based models, induced pluripotent stem cells are the major study subjects, which are generated by reprogramming the somatic stem cells and then directing them into different adult cell populations to study their behavior toward the infection. In organoid models, different cell lines can be guided to produce a 3D structure including liver, heart, and brain-like platforms. Among animal models, mice are the most common species in this field. However, in order for mice models to be permissive to the virus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, the main receptor involved in the pathogenicity of the virus, should be introduced to the host cells through different methods. Here, the current known mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection, different suggested models, the specific response toward different manipulation as well as challenges and shortcomings in each case have been reviewed. Finally, we have tried to provide a quick summary of the present available RM-based models for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as an essential part of developing drugs, for future therapeutic goals.

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“…Unfortunately, we do not have any effective antiviral drug against coronavirus infections, including Covid-19, yet. Although some drugs such as lopinavir, ritonavir, favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine used in the treatment help to alleviate symptoms in some patients, their effects are controversial [7]. Wearing masks, social isolation and hygiene provide effective protection.…”

Section: Historical Background and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on brain and behavior

Uzbay¹

2021

jrp

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The Covid-19 viral infection, which was first detected in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, spread rapidly around the world and turned into a major pandemic. At the time this article was written, Covid-19 has infected more than 250 million people worldwide, causing close to 5 million deaths. In addition to the fact that Covid-19 is a lytic infection, its easy spread through the respiratory tract required a social isolation that people were not accustomed in the pandemic period. Social isolation and economic losses caused significant social and psychological problems in society. On the other hand, Covid-19 also has direct effects on the central nervous system (CNS), and these effects may be responsible for some serious early or late neuropsychic disorders. In addition, acute symptoms of infection involved in respiratory system failure and cytokine storm, and vaccination activities were discussed detailed. Although neurological problems such as seizure, encephalitis, anosmia, dysgeusia, stroke and delirium are discussed to a certain extent, current data on psychological and/or psychiatric problems due to pandemic itself or the virus are remaining limited. In this review article, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of Covid-19 on brain and mental health in the light of current data. In addition, the literature on neuropsychiatric side effects of vaccines approved for emergency use was also reviewed.

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Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics

Cited by 15 publications

References 138 publications

An Overview of the Treatment Options Used for the Management of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study

An Overview of the Treatment Options Used for the Management of COVID-19 in Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study

Recent Advances of COVID-19 Modeling Based on Regenerative Medicine

Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on brain and behavior

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