“…Common pathogens include water molds (oomycetes) of the genus Saprolegnia, which infect adults and eggs alike and pose a serious threat to egg viability (Hussein & Hatai, 2002;Kitancharoen, Hatai, & Yamamoto, 1997;Knouft, Page, & Plewa, 2003;Scott & O'Bier, 1962;van West, 2006). In the absence of brood care, eggs often rapidly overgrow with water mold hyphae and die quickly (Bronstein, 1982;Brown & Clotfelter, 2012). The caring male may actively prevent infections, for example, by secreting a protective mucus (Giacomello, Marri, Marchini, Mazzoldi, & Rasotto, 2008;Knouft et al, 2003) or by creating a constant water flow via egg fanning (Côté & Gross, 1993;St Mary, Gordon, & Hale, 2004).…”