Fig seeds: Combined approach of lipochemical assessment using gas chromatography and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy using chemometrics

Hssaini, Lahcen; Razouk, Rachid; Charafi, Jamal; Houmanat, Karim; Hanine, Hafida

doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2021.103251

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…FTIR spectra were corrected using the standard normal variate (SNV) along with multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) [25]. Afterward, the ATR correction procedure was applied as described by Hssaini et al [26]. The corrected IR spectrum and the total integrated area were plotted for each sample using OriginPro software v9 in order to visualize differences in vibrational intensities among fig cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides displaying a red general model type, the HPLC GAPI showed only four green sections, while that of FTIR had only one yellow section. This is due to the fact that chromatographic techniques consume chemicals, some of which are hazardous and require particular sample preparation, while FTIR is an ecofriendly method that does not require chemical inputs [26].…”

Section: Two-dimensional Clustered Heatmapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biology 2021, 10, x 22 of 25 graphic techniques consume chemicals, some of which are hazardous and require particular sample preparation, while FTIR is an ecofriendly method that does not require chemical inputs [26].…”

Section: Two-dimensional Clustered Heatmapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Effect of Cultivar and Peel Chromaticity on Figs’ Primary and Secondary Metabolites: Preliminary Study Using Biochemical and FTIR Fingerprinting Coupled to Chemometrics

Hssaini¹,

Elfazazi²,

Razouk³

et al. 2021

Biology

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Figs are a traditional pantry staple for healthy eating in Middle Eastern and North African countries as fig trees grow abundantly in such hot and dry climates. Despite the importance of this species, chemotypic diversity has gone unheeded and therefore its valorization pathways remain poorly documented. For this reason, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) alongside vibrational spectroscopy were used to investigate the changes of antiradical potency and primary and secondary metabolites in fresh figs with regard to the combined effect of the cultivar factor and the fruit peel chromatic coordinates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprinting displayed six major peaks assigned to functional groups of the investigated samples with significant differences in their vibration intensities. Biochemical screening revealed highly significant variability (p < 0.05) among the investigated cultivars. Antioxidant activity was found to be higher in free radical scavenging using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) compared to ferric reducing ability (FRAP). Chemometric investigations of both biochemical and FTIR fingerprinting showed satisfactory resolutions, and the total phenol contents and chromatic coordinates had the highest scores in the dataset. However, the cultivars’ geographical origin seemed not to have a clear impact on the clustering results. The aforementioned analytical procedures were found to be equally important and can be jointly used for high-resolution screening and discrimination of fig trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two-dimensional Clustered Heatmapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Effect of Cultivar and Peel Chromaticity on Figs’ Primary and Secondary Metabolites: Preliminary Study Using Biochemical and FTIR Fingerprinting Coupled to Chemometrics

Hssaini¹,

Elfazazi²,

Razouk³

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Different studies have successfully used FTIR for characterizing waste and biomass [14][15][16][17][18]. On the other hand, FTIR-ATR could be considered as an innovative, green and rapid methodology, having the advantages to require a minimum or no sample preparation and also allowing a rapid characterization of samples.…”

Section: Qualitative Analysis Of Main Functional Groups: the Fourier Transform Infrared-attenuated Total Reflection (Ftir-atr) Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization Potentials of Rapeseed Meal in a Biorefinery Perspective: Focus on Nutritional and Bioactive Components

Lena¹,

Pulgar²,

Lucarini³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Rapeseed meal (RSM), a by-product of oilseed extraction connected to the agri-food and biofuel sectors, is currently used as animal feed and for other low-value purposes. With a biorefinery approach, RSM could be valorized as a source of bio-based molecules for high-value applications. This study provides a chemical characterization of RSM in the perspective of its valorization. A qualitative study of main functional groups by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was integrated with a chemical characterization of macronutrients, minerals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), phenolic acids and lipid components by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), HPLC-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). The study, conducted on different lots of RSM collected over a one-year period from an oil pressing factory serving a biofuel biorefinery, highlighted a constant quality over time of RSM, characterized by high protein (31–34%), fiber (33–40%) and mineral (5.5–6.8%) contents. Polyphenol extracts showed a significant antioxidant activity and a prevalence of sinapic acid, accounting for more than 85% of total phenolic acids (395–437 mg kg−1 RSM). Results highlight the potentialities of RSM for further valorization strategies that may lead to the creation of new cross-sector interconnections and bio-based value chains with improvement of the economics and sustainability of the bioeconomy sectors involved.

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“…Based on previous studies, fig seeds are an important source of novel oil qualified as a minor source of atypical vegetable oil, with a yield of up to 30%. Furthermore, fig seeds oil was reported to have a higher desaturation rate and a significant phenotypic effect [14,15]. Basically, as pollination is mainly involved in seeds formation [6], the main effect probably occurs over the attributes of seeds and, subsequently, the whole fruit quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Pollination and Pollen Sources Affect Fig Seed Set and Quality? First Attempt Using Chemical and Vibrational Fingerprints Coupled with Chemometrics

Hssaini¹,

Razouk²,

Irchad³

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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This research investigates whether pollination and pollen sources separately and simultaneously influence fig seed set and quality, as being thus far the less studied part of the fig trees. This is the first research that tries to answer and verify the above hypothesis through a combined approach of vibrational spectroscopy along with lipo-biochemical and ionomic fingerprinting. Results showed that pollination and pollen source significantly impacted seed set as it was higher in fertilized seeds than that in the control. A similar pattern was obtained with oil yield, which generally ranged between 25.93 and 32.59%. Caprification also displayed a substantial effect on seeds' phenolic components, which was more driven by pollen carbohydrates, involved in the phenolic biosynthesis in the endosperm and embryo tissues. This biosynthesis is also activated by minerals, which are cofactors for large varieties of enzymes that are involved in the phenolic synthesis pathways. Ca and Zn did not follow this pattern and have recorded high levels in figs fertilized by the pollen of OZ and FD4 caprifigs pollen, respectively. Vibrational spectroscopy using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with total attenuated reflectance (ATR) also showed a similar pattern to the seed sets and their lipo-biochemical attributes. Thus, the fertilized seeds displayed high vibrational intensity compared to the control in all fingerprint regions. Peaks at 2928 and 1747 cm−1 had a higher intensity and were attributed to lipids CH2 and CH3 stretching vibration and C=O of the carbonyl groups belonging to the triacylglycerols, respectively. Principal component analysis showed high throughput classification with quite similar patterns for both FTIR-ATR fingerprinting and ionomic and biochemical analysis. As many areas of how caprification impacts other seed aspects still need to be investigated further, this research suggests the importance of caprification in seed valorization for oil extraction and as a functional ingredient.

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Fig seeds: Combined approach of lipochemical assessment using gas chromatography and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy using chemometrics

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

Combined Effect of Cultivar and Peel Chromaticity on Figs’ Primary and Secondary Metabolites: Preliminary Study Using Biochemical and FTIR Fingerprinting Coupled to Chemometrics

Combined Effect of Cultivar and Peel Chromaticity on Figs’ Primary and Secondary Metabolites: Preliminary Study Using Biochemical and FTIR Fingerprinting Coupled to Chemometrics

Valorization Potentials of Rapeseed Meal in a Biorefinery Perspective: Focus on Nutritional and Bioactive Components

Do Pollination and Pollen Sources Affect Fig Seed Set and Quality? First Attempt Using Chemical and Vibrational Fingerprints Coupled with Chemometrics

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