Fifty years of semi-dwarf spring wheat breeding at CIMMYT: Grain yield progress in optimum, drought and heat stress environments

Mondal, Suchismita; Dutta, Somak; Crespo‐Herrera, Leonardo; Espino, Julio Huerta; Braun, Hans J.; Singh, Ravi P.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107757

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Ciudad Obregon station has little to no rainfall during the crop growing season (November to April). It has a desert-type climate with rains concentrated during the months of August to October (Mondal et al, 2020). However, if there is rain, the irrigation in stressed environments is adjusted to maintain the amounts.…”

Section: Plant Materials Phenotyping and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype-Based, Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Stable Genomic Regions for Grain Yield in CIMMYT Spring Bread Wheat

et al. 2020

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We untangled key regions of the genetic architecture of grain yield (GY) in CIMMYT spring bread wheat by conducting a haplotype-based, genome-wide association study (GWAS), together with an investigation of epistatic interactions using seven large sets of elite yield trials (EYTs) consisting of a total of 6,461 advanced breeding lines. These lines were phenotyped under irrigated and stress environments in seven growing seasons (2011–2018) and genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing markers. Genome-wide 519 haplotype blocks were constructed, using a linkage disequilibrium-based approach covering 14,036 Mb in the wheat genome. Haplotype-based GWAS identified 7, 4, 10, and 15 stable (significant in three or more EYTs) associations in irrigated (I), mild drought (MD), severe drought (SD), and heat stress (HS) testing environments, respectively. Considering all EYTs and the four testing environments together, 30 stable associations were deciphered with seven hotspots identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, 4A, 5B, 6B, and 7B, where multiple haplotype blocks were associated with GY. Epistatic interactions contributed significantly to the genetic architecture of GY, explaining variation of 3.5–21.1%, 3.7–14.7%, 3.5–20.6%, and 4.4– 23.1% in I, MD, SD, and HS environments, respectively. Our results revealed the intricate genetic architecture of GY, controlled by both main and epistatic effects. The importance of these results for practical applications in the CIMMYT breeding program is discussed.

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Section: Plant Materials Phenotyping and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype-Based, Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Stable Genomic Regions for Grain Yield in CIMMYT Spring Bread Wheat

et al. 2020

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“…Genetic gain is typically quantified as the slope of the regression between yield and year of release of varieties. A genetic gain of 0.3–1.2% per year has been recorded for durum wheat over the last century in different growing regions (e.g., Giunta et al, 2007 ; Royo et al, 2008 ; Clarke et al, 2010 ; Bassi and Nachit, 2019 ; Mondal et al, 2020 ) and often associated with variations in morpho-physiological traits, such as a shift toward earlier flowering and a reduced plant height, with a corresponding increase in harvest index (e.g., De Vita et al, 2007 ; Royo et al, 2007 ; Isidro et al, 2011 ; Bassi and Nachit, 2019 ). However, the positive yield trend has often been reached at the cost of eroding genetic diversity within elite gene pools ( Fernie et al, 2006 ; Bassi and Nachit, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

Mazzucotelli¹,

Sciara²,

Mastrangelo³

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Representative, broad and diverse collections are a primary resource to dissect genetic diversity and meet pre-breeding and breeding goals through the identification of beneficial alleles for target traits. From 2,500 tetraploid wheat accessions obtained through an international collaborative effort, a Global Durum wheat Panel (GDP) of 1,011 genotypes was assembled that captured 94–97% of the original diversity. The GDP consists of a wide representation of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum modern germplasm and landraces, along with a selection of emmer and primitive tetraploid wheats to maximize diversity. GDP accessions were genotyped using the wheat iSelect 90K SNP array. Among modern durum accessions, breeding programs from Italy, France and Central Asia provided the highest level of genetic diversity, with only a moderate decrease in genetic diversity observed across nearly 50 years of breeding (1970–2018). Further, the breeding programs from Europe had the largest sets of unique alleles. LD was lower in the landraces (0.4 Mbp) than in modern germplasm (1.8 Mbp) at r2 = 0.5. ADMIXTURE analysis of modern germplasm defined a minimum of 13 distinct genetic clusters (k), which could be traced to the breeding program of origin. Chromosome regions putatively subjected to strong selection pressure were identified from fixation index (Fst) and diversity reduction index (DRI) metrics in pairwise comparisons among decades of release and breeding programs. Clusters of putative selection sweeps (PSW) were identified as co-localized with major loci controlling phenology (Ppd and Vrn), plant height (Rht) and quality (gliadins and glutenins), underlining the role of the corresponding genes as driving elements in modern breeding. Public seed availability and deep genetic characterization of the GDP make this collection a unique and ideal resource to identify and map useful genetic diversity at loci of interest to any breeding program.

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“…Throughout the years, the CIMMYT wheat breeding programmes have continually modified strategies and methods to best serve the principal targeted wheat-growing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, improving grain yield potential and stability combined with climate resilience, disease resistance, and appropriate end-use quality, with considerable returns on investment and a well-documented impact ( Lantican et al , 2016 ). Periodically estimated genetic gain in grain yield in the CIMMYT spring bread wheat programme varies from 0.6% to 1.1% ( Crespo-Herrera et al , 2017 , 2018 ; Mondal et al , 2020 ). To accelerate varietal development and population improvement in the currently changing climate scenario, CIMMYT is looking forward to piloting and adopting new breeding approaches, which combine advanced genomics and phenomics, as well as a reduced breeding cycle time to increase rates of genetic gains.…”

Section: Improving Crop Design Targets For Key Production Regions By Modelling Historic and De Novo Big Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing translational research in wheat for climate resilience

Reynolds

Lewis

Ammar

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Despite being the world’s most widely grown crop, research investments in wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum) fall behind those in other staple crops. Current yield gains will not meet 2050 needs, and climate stresses compound this challenge. However, there is good evidence that heat and drought resilience can be boosted through translating promising ideas into novel breeding technologies using powerful new tools in genetics and remote sensing, for example. Such technologies can also be applied to identify climate resilience traits from among the vast and largely untapped reserve of wheat genetic resources in collections worldwide. This review describes multi-pronged research opportunities at the focus of the Heat and Drought Wheat Improvement Consortium (coordinated by CIMMYT), which together create a pipeline to boost heat and drought resilience, specifically: improving crop design targets using big data approaches, developing phenomic tools for field-based screening and research, applying genomic technologies to elucidate bases of climate resilience traits, and applying these outputs in developing next-generation breeding methods. The global impact of these outputs will be validated through the International Wheat Improvement Network, a global germplasm development and testing system that contributes key productivity traits to ~half of the global wheat growing area.

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Fifty years of semi-dwarf spring wheat breeding at CIMMYT: Grain yield progress in optimum, drought and heat stress environments

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

Haplotype-Based, Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Stable Genomic Regions for Grain Yield in CIMMYT Spring Bread Wheat

Haplotype-Based, Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Stable Genomic Regions for Grain Yield in CIMMYT Spring Bread Wheat

The Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP): An International Platform to Identify and Exchange Beneficial Alleles

Harnessing translational research in wheat for climate resilience

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