Influence of atomic density in high-order harmonic generationAltucci, C; Starczewski, Tomas; Mevel, E; Wahlström, Claes-Göran; Carre, B; Lhuillier, A Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Altucci, C., Starczewski, T., Mevel, E., Wahlström, C-G., Carre, B., & L'Huillier, A. (1996). Influence of atomic density in high-order harmonic generation. Optical Society of America. Journal B: Optical Physics, 13(1), 148-156. DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000148General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. We have investigated how high-order harmonics generated in rare gases depend on the atomic density. The peak and the profile of the atomic density in the interaction region were measured as a function of the backing pressure and the distance from the nozzle by a differential interferometry technique. The conversion efficiency for the harmonics in the plateau was found to increase approximately quadratically over the entire range of peak pressures investigated (3 -80 mbar). The intensity of the harmonics in the cutoff region, in contrast, increased only until an optimum peak pressure was reached, beyond which it decreased. This optimum peak pressure was found to be dependent on both the laser intensity and the process order. To understand this effect, we have performed extensive propagation calculations of both the fundamental and the harmonic fields, using ionization rates and dipole moments from a tunnel ionization model. We obtained good agreement with the experimental results. The observed effect is attributed to ionization-induced defocusing of the fundamental laser beam, which reduces the peak intensity obtained in the medium and shortens the extent of the plateau.