Field Windbreaks: Design Criteria

FINCH, SHERMAN J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-43019-9.50021-3

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Os dados obtidos não permitem essa conclusão, mas postula-se que a ação protetora de cortinas quebra-vento, por reduzir a velocidade do vento incidente, é mais efetiva na disseminação do patógeno entre plantas, com reflexos na incidência de plantas doentes, do que numa mesma planta, o que refletiria na incidência de folhas doentes e na severidade, por exemplo. Além disso, a proteção promovida por uma cortina quebra-vento é influenciada por sua altura efetiva, que é a altura a partir da copa das plantas protegidas (Finch, 1988;Volpe, 1997). No presente caso, já no primeiro ano de condução do experimento, as plantas apresentavamse cerca de um metro e meio abaixo da cortina quebra-vento, altura essa que foi superada ao final do segundo ano.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Para isso, mourões de eucalipto, com três metros de altura acima do nível do solo, serviram de suporte para tela sombrite com 70% de retenção, disposta no perímetro das parcelas com cortina quebra-vento. Para evitar a influência da cortina quebravento nas parcelas não protegidas, as parcelas com quebravento foram dispostas respeitando uma distância mínima de cerca de 30 m das parcelas não protegidas, levando-se em consideração a altura da cortina quebra-vento empregada e a distância por ela protegida (Finch, 1988).…”

Section: Controle Cultural (Cortinas Quebra-vento)unclassified

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Incidência e severidade de cancro cítrico em laranja 'Pêra Rio' sob condições de controle químico e proteção com quebra-vento

et al. 2007

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Foram estudadas a incidência e severidade de cancro cítrico (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) em plantas de laranja 'Pêra Rio' (Citrus sinensis) no município de Ourizona, região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, utilizando controle químico, pela aplicação de bactericida cúprico, e proteção com quebra-vento artificial. Níveis mensais de incidência foram obtidos pela proporção de folhas doentes em relação ao total de folhas avaliadas, enquanto que, níveis mensais de severidade foram determinados por meio de escalas diagramáticas específicas considerando apenas folhas doentes. Os dados foram dispostos em curvas de progresso temporal e analisados com relação à área sob a curva de progresso da doença estandardizada (AUDPC*) e o coeficiente de determinação (R²) obtido entre os níveis de incidência e severidade. A aplicação de cobre apresentou efeito significativo na redução dos níveis de cancro cítrico e o emprego de quebra-vento pouco ou nada contribuiu para o controle da doença. Após 29 meses, plantas submetidas à aplicação freqüente de bactericida cúprico apresentaram valores médios de AUDPC* de incidência 43,5% inferiores aos observados nas plantas não protegidas quimicamente. O mesmo comportamento foi observado para a severidade da doença. Após 18 avaliações mensais, os valores de AUDPC* de severidade para as plantas submetidas à aplicação de produto cúprico foram 37,1% menores do que para as plantas não protegidas quimicamente. Para os dois anos agrícolas estudados, os valores de R² entre os níveis de incidência e severidade de cancro cítrico foram superiores a 0,80 (p<0,01).

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Controle Cultural (Cortinas Quebra-vento)unclassified

Incidência e severidade de cancro cítrico em laranja 'Pêra Rio' sob condições de controle químico e proteção com quebra-vento

et al. 2007

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“…Consequently, to maximize windbreak effectiveness, windbreak design for coniferous trees has focused on the spatial arrangement of tree plantation (Skidmore and Hagen 1970, Hagen et al 1981, Heisler and Dewalle 1988, Zhang et al 1995b, Wu et al 2013. Although fewer studies have focused on deciduous windbreaks, researchers have recognized that the amount of foliage, which determines deciduous windbreak density, varies with seasonal phonological stages (Finch 1988, Loeffler et al 1992. Understanding the effects of the phenology stages of deciduous windbreaks on wind speed reduction and sheltered reduction at two leeward locations (Zhang et al 1995b).…”

Section: Study Site and Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have tried to examine the relationship between the height and porosity of windbreaks and their effectiveness on wind speed reduction (Heisler and De-distances is important knowledge that can contribute to designing and managing windbreaks for optimal effectiveness (Finch 1988) by minimizing the seasonal variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal effectiveness of a Korean traditional deciduous windbreak in reducing wind speed

Koh¹,

Park²,

Kang³

et al. 2014

J. Ecol. Environ.

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Little is known about how the increased porosity of a deciduous windbreak, which results from loss of leaves, influences wind speed reduction. We hypothesized that, with loss of foliage, the wind speed reduction effectiveness of a deciduous windbreak decreases on near leeward side but not on further leeward side and that wind speed recovers faster in the full foliage season than in other seasons. During summer, autumn, and winter (full, medium, and non-foliage season, respectively), we observed wind speed and direction around a deciduous windbreak in a traditional Korean village on windward and near and further leeward sides (at -8H, 2H, and 6H; H = 20 m, a windbreak height). We used a linear mixed effects model to determine that the relative wind speed reduction at 2H significantly decreased from 83% to 48% (F 2,111.97 = 73.6, P < 0.0001) with the loss of foliage. However, the relative wind speed reduction at 6H significantly increased from 26% to 43% (F 2,98.54 = 18.5, P < 0.0001). Consequently, wind speed recovery rate between 2H and 6H in summer was two times higher than in autumn and ten times higher than in winter (F 2,102.93 = 223.1, P < 0.0001). These results indicate that deciduous windbreaks with full foliage seem to induce large turbulence and increase wind speed recovery rate on leeward side. Our study suggests that further research is needed to find the optimal foliage density of a deciduous windbreak for maximizing windbreak effectiveness regardless of seasonal foliage changes.

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“…Further field experiment data are necessary to better understand the new deposition model's ability to be widely applicable over different types of vegetation and windbreak designs. For example, Finch (1988) provides a list of species of vegetation that are particularly tolerant to mechanical damage from wind blown soils that should be better understood in the context of the new models. Further, the USDA (1999) provides recommendations and standards for windbreak/shelterbelt establishment.…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Windbreak Dust Predictive Model and Mitigation Planning Tool

Pardyjak¹,

Veranth²,

Speckart³

et al. 2013

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. (From -To) REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 16-09-2013 REPORT TYPE Final Report DATES COVERED SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORTAlexandria, VA 22350-3605 NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTFugitive dust from unconfined sources such as unpaved roads and construction areas can impair both health and visibility. In this report, the potential benefits of vegetative windbreaks in reducing vehicle-generated fugitive dust are studied and quantified using a combined experimental and computational approach. The overall hypothesis for this study is that maintaining native vegetation, establishing compatible plantings along roads, or constructing windbreaks could be a useful dust mitigation technique on military training ranges. This work focuses on PM10 dust particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less. The overall Objective of this project has been to address important fugitive dust issues for the Resource Conservation and Climate Change program area by developing and validating a proof-of-concept computational model for designing windbreaks for dust mitigation. The Technical Approach toward achieving this objective has been to utilize laboratory and field experiment data to develop improved models. Model development was accomplished by integrating particle dispersion and atmospheric turbulence theory with wind tunnel and field experiment data. The computational model for simulating near-road fugitive dust transport was integrated into the widely used Quick Urban and Industrial Complex (QUIC) Dispersion Modeling System. Prior to this project, QUIC had been applied to near-source pollutant transport around solid obstructions and this work extends its applicability to incorporate a novel sub-model to simulate the effects of both thin and deep vegetative canopies on wind fields and particle transport.

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Field Windbreaks: Design Criteria

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Incidência e severidade de cancro cítrico em laranja 'Pêra Rio' sob condições de controle químico e proteção com quebra-vento

Incidência e severidade de cancro cítrico em laranja 'Pêra Rio' sob condições de controle químico e proteção com quebra-vento

Seasonal effectiveness of a Korean traditional deciduous windbreak in reducing wind speed

Development of a Windbreak Dust Predictive Model and Mitigation Planning Tool

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