Field Verification Trial of ND I-2 Vaccine in Nepal

Acharya, Madhav Prasad; Adhikari, S. K.; Awasthi, H.; Jha, Anand K.; Singh, Umesh

doi:10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27748

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…F1 and ND R2B based ND immunization started in 1968 in Nepal, and I-2 ND vaccine was introduced in 2008 (23). There is limited information on various kinds of ND vaccine in use in Nepal, and their efficacies in commercial and backyard poultry production (24, 25). In one study, I-2 ND vaccine used in backyard chickens of Nepal showed a high antibody titer response between day 14-30, giving protective immunity for at least 3 months (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease burden in Nepal and efficacy of Tablet I-2 vaccine in commercial and backyard poultry production

Napit¹,

Poudel²,

Pradhan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Poultry (Gallus domesticus) farming plays an important role as an income generating enterprise in a developing country like Nepal, contributing more than 4% to the national GDP. It is also one of the major sources of protein for growing population. Newcastle Disease (ND) is a major poultry disease affecting both commercial and backyard poultry production worldwide. There were more than 90 reported cases of ND outbreaks in Nepal in 2018, with over 74,986 birds being affected. ND might be responsible for over 7% of total poultry mortality in the country. Recent outbreak of ND in 2021 affected many farms throughout Nepal, and caused massive poultry production loss. ND is caused by a single stranded RNA virus which presents very similar clinical symptoms as Influenza A (commonly known as Bird flu), adding much complexity to clinical disease identification and intervention.We conducted a nationwide ND and Influenza A prevalence study, collecting samples from commercial and backyard poultry farms from across the major poultry production hubs of Nepal, and conducted both serological and molecular assessments-giving us disease exposure history and identification of floating strains of ND Virus (NDV). Of 600 commercial chickens tested from various farms, both NDV (n=381, 64%) and IA (n=125, 21%) antibodies were detected in the majority of the samples. In backyard chicken (n=108, 39 farms), sero-prevalence was also relatively high for both NDV (n=38, 35%) and IA (n=17, 16%). Out of the 40 commercial farms, majority had detectable NDV (n=31, 78%) and IA (n=15, 38%) virus present. In backyard farms (n=36), we also detected NDV (n=6, 16%) and IA (n=1, 3%) virus. We Genotyped (strain) detected NDV, and found Genotype II to be present in most of the commercial farms (which might be coming from live vaccine usage) and Genotype I in some backyard poultry samples. The identified Genotype I strain is reported for the first time, and hence could be an endemic NDV strain found in Nepal. Our 2021 ND outbreak investigation identified Genotype VII c as the causative strain.Additionally, we have developed a thermostable I-2 NDV vaccine (Ranigoldunga™) in tablet formulation and tested on various (mixed) breeds of chicken (G. domesticus). This vaccine seems to be highly effective against NDV, including a virulent 2021 outbreak strain (Genotype VII c). The I-2 Tablet ND vaccine showed more than 85% efficacy when administered either ocularly or in water, and has a stability of 30 days in room temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease burden in Nepal and efficacy of Tablet I-2 vaccine in commercial and backyard poultry production

Napit¹,

Poudel²,

Pradhan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Newcastle disease (ND) virus vaccine exposed up to 30 o C for 7 days was found effective in prevention of Newcastle Disease in village chickens [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of closed and needle-punctured vials of Porvac ® subunit vaccine against classical swine fever subjected to thermal stress

Sardina-González,

Vargas-Hernández,

Sordo-Puga

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is still one of the most economically important viral diseases of pigs. In endemic countries, the disease is controlled mostly through vaccination, hence, the availability of safe and effective vaccines is of utmost importance. Vaccines intended for application in developing countries must also be thermally stable, since the infrastructure needed to maintain a cold chain in those countries is usually lacking. Porvac® is a second-generation subunit marker vaccine against CSF that has demonstrates to be safe and protective. Previous studies have also shown that the vaccine is stable for 1 week at 37 oC and have a shelf life of at least 36 months at 2–8 oC. The aim of this work was to further explore the accelerated stability of Porvac® by assessing the physicochemical properties of the emulsion, and the safety and efficacy of the vaccine subjected to more drastic conditions of thermal stress: (1) 25 oC for 12 months; (2) 30oC and 37 oC for one month and (3) 15 days at 37°C after the cap of the vials had been needle-punctured. Results The vaccine subjected to all these conditions did not show significant changes in the physicochemical properties of the emulsion; did not produce local or systemic adverse reactions in pigs, and the chromatographic profile of the recovered antigen was preserved. All vaccinated swine developed protective neutralizing antibody titers ≥ 1:1000 at 28 days post vaccination. Conclusions Porvac® is stable in all the experimental conditions tested, even after cap puncture, and retains the capacity to induce protective neutralizing antibodies. These results reinforce the robustness of the vaccine, and support its use as a very attractive alternative to modified live vaccines in developing countries endemic for CSF.

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“…A recent study also showed that LaSota vaccination was safe and induced a protective level of antibodies in 98% of vaccinated birds at 28 days post-vaccination [22]. Field verification study of ND I-2 vaccine also showed that it can induce protective levels of antibodies in 50-100% of birds at different study locations [23]. Moreover, ND I-2 vaccine was shown to induce protective levels of antibodies up to 90 days post vaccination in village chickens [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Immunogenicity of ND Vaccines Used in Nepal

Marahatta,

Upadhyaya,

Shah

et al. 2023

Nep. Vet. J

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Viral infections, including Newcastle disease (ND), constitute a major health problem in the rapidly growing poultry industry of Nepal. Despite regular vaccination in the commercial farms, ND virus (NDV) outbreaks are frequently reported raising concern over the safety and immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines being used. This study was performed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of four commercially available ND vaccines in Nepal after administration at recommended (1X) and higher (10X) dose. There was no safety concern associated with the use of lentogenic live-attenuated ND vaccines even at higher dose. A varying degree of antibody response was observed at recommended and higher doses with the thermostable I-2 vaccine outperforming other groups. A higher dose did not improve antibody response except for the F1 vaccine. To prevent widespread outbreaks in future, regular molecular surveillance to identify the circulating strains of NDV together with the periodic evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of commercial vaccines is necessary in Nepal.

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Field Verification Trial of ND I-2 Vaccine in Nepal

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Newcastle disease burden in Nepal and efficacy of Tablet I-2 vaccine in commercial and backyard poultry production

Newcastle disease burden in Nepal and efficacy of Tablet I-2 vaccine in commercial and backyard poultry production

Stability of closed and needle-punctured vials of Porvac ® subunit vaccine against classical swine fever subjected to thermal stress

Safety and Immunogenicity of ND Vaccines Used in Nepal

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