Field treatment of three wheat varieties with Trichoderma harzianum bioagent to control Anguina tritici

Abstract

A field experiment was performed to assess the susceptibility of Triticum aestivum L. var. Cham 6, Aras, and Baraka wheat local varieties, treated with Trichoderma harzianum Rifai bioagent, against seed gall infection. Anguina tritici identification was confirmed based on PCR amplification and sequence comparison of 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA. Sequence analysis showed A. tritici isolated from Waset and Kirkuk provinces shared 100% maximum nucleotide sequence identity with the equivalent GenBank sequences from Mexico (AF363107) and India (JF826516), respectively, suggesting their common origin. Field experiment revealed that T. aestivum L. var. Aras was less susceptible to seed call infection when scored 28.9% infectivity percent followed by Baraka and Cham 6 varieties which scored 29.6 and 33.1% infectivity, respectively. T. harzianum root watering treatment could decrease the disease incidence when scored 15.4, 17.5, and 19.7% compared to spraying treatment which scored 19.3, 20.8, and 22.4% infectivity, for Aras, Baraka, and Cham 6 varieties, respectively. Besides, root watering treatment reduced seed gall disease up to 46.71% compared to 33.22% for foliar spraying treatment. Thus, T. harzianum bioagent can be used as an ecofriendly nematicide alternative to control seed gall disease in Iraq.

On the study of the wheat nematode Anguina tritici chitwood, 1935 and their importance in wheat cultivation in Uzbekistan conditions

“…To determine the type of phytonematodes Atlas of phytonematodes compiled at the Institute of Parasitology of the Russian Academy and other monographs were used, and the morphometric indicators were the generally accepted de Man's formula modified by Mikoletsky. [11][12][13][14]. Nematodes were identified under a GDP-12AV microscope and Biolam-NSZ-405 under immersion objectives.…”

Efficacy of Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid Vapors on the Stable Phases of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

“…The results of the statistical analysis showed, in general, that the effects of concentrations and durations of exposure and the interaction between them were significant in the rates of inhibition of hatching of insect eggs. (1,2) that the effect of linoleic acid vapor was superior to that of oleic acid vapor in inhibiting the hatching of eggs of the hairy grain beetle Trogoderma granarium at all concentrations and exposure times used, thus reducing the number of larvae emerging from them. The reason for this may be attributed to the fact that linoleic acid vapor works to penetrate the egg wall and affect its protoplasm, thus thwarting the growth and development of the fetus.…”

“…Therefore, the world population considers it one of its basic foods and calls for storing it in times of need or for exporting it [1]. One of the most complex issues facing the storage of wheat is its infection with diseases [2], and store insect pests that are widely spread all over the world. In Iraq, 31 species of them were found, belonging to 16 genus, falling under eight families and two orders spread in most places where grain is stored.…”