Field Test of Detection and Characterisation of Subsurface Ice using Broadband Spectral-Induced Polarisation

Grimm, R. E.; Stillman, D. E.

doi:10.1002/ppp.1833

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Induced polarization has shown also a unique capability to monitor non-intrusively sorption processes in the electrical double layer (Vaudelet et al [2011a, b], Hao et al [2016]) and precipitation of metallic particles during redox-controlled reactions (e.g., Mewafy et al 4 [2013], Abdulsamad [2017]). Induced polarization has also become a tool that can be used to study the cryosphere in shallow formations [Grimm and Stillman, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex conductivity of soils

Revil

Coperey

Shao

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

132

191

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The complex conductivity of soils remains poorly known despite the growing importance of this method in hydrogeophysics. In order to fill this gap of knowledge, we investigate the complex conductivity of 71 soils samples (including four peat samples) and one clean sand in the frequency range 0.1 Hz to 45 kHz. The soil samples are saturated with six different NaCl brines with conductivities (0.031, 0.53, 1.15, 5.7, 14.7, and 22 S m−1, NaCl, 25°C) in order to determine their intrinsic formation factor and surface conductivity. This data set is used to test the predictions of the dynamic Stern polarization model of porous media in terms of relationship between the quadrature conductivity and the surface conductivity. We also investigate the relationship between the normalized chargeability (the difference of in‐phase conductivity between two frequencies) and the quadrature conductivity at the geometric mean frequency. This data set confirms the relationships between the surface conductivity, the quadrature conductivity, and the normalized chargeability. The normalized chargeability depends linearly on the cation exchange capacity and specific surface area while the chargeability shows no dependence on these parameters. These new data and the dynamic Stern layer polarization model are observed to be mutually consistent. Traditionally, in hydrogeophysics, surface conductivity is neglected in the analysis of resistivity data. The relationships we have developed can be used in field conditions to avoid neglecting surface conductivity in the interpretation of DC resistivity tomograms. We also investigate the effects of temperature and saturation and, here again, the dynamic Stern layer predictions and the experimental observations are mutually consistent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex conductivity of soils

Revil

Coperey

Shao

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

132

191

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“…As AEM surveys have a higher base frequency, they are more sensitive to chargeable materials which are characterized by high frequency or smaller time constants. Three main chargeable targets of interest in airborne IP are (a) fine-grained sulphides (Pelton et al, 1978;Revil et al, 2017), (b) clays (Macnae, 2016;Leroy and Revil, 2009), and (c) ice (Grimm and Stillman, 2015;. In Fig.…”

Section: The Effects Of Target Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Type D: No positives; this can be generated by an extremely chargeable target such as ice ( 0.9) located very near surface, or not measuring early enough time channels. based upon previous research (Pelton et al, 1978;Revil, 2013;Grimm and Stillman, 2015;Macnae and Hine, 2016) . Table 2: Parameters of the chargeable cylinder for the type curves (A-D) shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Effects Of Target Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For mining, IP surveys are recognized as a principal geophysical technique for finding disseminated sulphides or porphyry deposits (Fink et al, 1990). Non-metallic materials such as clays and ice can also generate IP signals (Grimm and Stillman, 2015;Leroy and Revil, 2009); this makes IP a useful technique in a range of environmental applications. Grounded DC-IP surveys have been successfully used for both mining and environmental applications for the past decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting induced polarisation effects in time-domain data: a modelling study using stretched exponentials

Kang

Oldenburg

Heagy

2019

Exploration Geophysics

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The potential for extracting and interpreting induced polarization (IP) data from airborne surveys is now broadly recognized. There is, however, still considerable discussion about the conditions under which the technique can provide knowledge about the subsurface and thus, its practical applications. Foremost among these is whether, or under what conditions, airborne IP can detect chargeable bodies at depth. To investigate, we focus on data obtained from a coincident-loop time-domain system. Our analysis is expedited by using a stretched exponential rather than a Cole-Cole model to represent the IP phenomenon. Our paper begins with an example that illuminates the physical understanding about how negative 1 arXiv:1909.12993v1 [physics.geo-ph] 28 Sep 2019 transients (the typical signature of an IP signal in airborne data) can be generated. The effects of the background conductivity are investigated; this study shows that a moderately conductive and chargeable target in a resistive host is an ideal scenario for generating strong IP signals. We then examine the important topic of estimating the maximum depth of the chargeable target that can generate negative transients. Lastly, some common chargeable earth-materials are discussed and their typical IP time-domain features are analyzed. The results presented in this paper can be reproduced and further explored by accessing the provided Jupyter notebooks.

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“…From the Conductivity properties presented here do not take into account the ice content and temperature of rocks. As shown by Grimm and Stillman (2015), temperature and ice can significantly alter the bulk chargeability and the conductivity of rocks. Figure 2.…”

Section: Em Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inversion of airborne geophysics over the DO-27/DO-18 kimberlites — Part 3: Induced polarization

2017

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The geologically distinct DO-27 and DO-18 kimberlites, often called the Tli Kwi Cho (TKC) kimberlites, have been used as a testbed for airborne geophysical methods applied to kimberlite exploration. This paper focuses on extracting chargeability information from time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) data. Three different TEM surveys, having similar coincident-loop geometry, have been carried out over TKC. Each records negative transients over the main kimberlite units and this is a signature of induced polarization (IP) effects. By applying a TEM-IP inversion workflow to a versatile time domain EM (VTEM) data set we decouple the EM and IP responses in the observations and then recover 3D pseudo-chargeability models at multiple times. A subsequent analysis is used to recover Cole-Cole parameters. Our models demonstrate that both DO-18 and DO-27 pipes are chargeable, but they have different Cole-Cole time constants: 110 and 1160 μs, respectively. At DO-27, we also distinguish between two adjacent kimberlite units based on their respective Cole-Cole time constants. Our chargeability models are combined with the density, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity models to build a 3D petrophysical model of TKC using only information obtained from airborne geophysics. Comparison of this final petrophysical model to a 3D geological model derived from the extensive drilling program demonstrates that we can characterize the three main kimberlite units at TKC: HK, VK, and PK in three dimensions by using airborne geophysics.

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Field Test of Detection and Characterisation of Subsurface Ice using Broadband Spectral-Induced Polarisation

Cited by 25 publications

References 32 publications

Complex conductivity of soils

Complex conductivity of soils

Detecting induced polarisation effects in time-domain data: a modelling study using stretched exponentials

Inversion of airborne geophysics over the DO-27/DO-18 kimberlites — Part 3: Induced polarization

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