Field study of the comparative efficacy of gamithromycin and tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex in beef feedlot calves

Torres, Siddartha; Thomson, D. U.; Bello, Nora M.; Nosky, Bruce; Reinhardt, C. D.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.74.6.847

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the L10 groups, detection of BRD in YB was only based on visual inspection of undisturbed animals followed by clinical examination in case of discomfort signs. A validated grid developed by Torres et al ( 21 ) to perform visual inspection was used. Briefly, a YB presenting clinical signs of BRD after a veterinary physical examination, such as moderate or severe signs of depression, nasal discharge, cough, and increased respiratory efforts at visual inspection, was considered as late detected if also presenting a rectal temperature ≥39.7°C, and included in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Precision Antimicrobial Therapy for the Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease: Current Limitations and Perspectives

et al. 2017

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The therapeutic efficacy of an early treatment protocol with an infection-stage adjusted fluoroquinolone regimen was evaluated in a field study on young bulls (YBs) presenting signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). A total of 195 YB (Charolais, Limousin, and Rouge-des-Prés breeds) from 6 farms implementing or not prophylactic antimicrobial treatments (PROPHY or absence) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experiment groups based on time of detection of BRD and first-line marbofloxacin regimen, early adjusted dose [Early 2 (E2)] or late standard dose [Late 10 (L10)]. Each YB was administered orally a reticulo-rumen bolus, allowing continuous monitoring of ruminal temperature. In the E2 group, YB presenting early signs of BRD, i.e., an increase in ruminal temperature over 40.2°C and persisting more than 12 h, confirmed by a clinical examination showing no or mild signs of BRD, were given 2 mg/kg of marbofloxacin. In the L10 group, YBs presenting moderate or severe signs of BRD at visual inspection, confirmed at clinical examination, were given 10 mg/kg of marbofloxacin. If needed, YBs were given a relapse treatment. The YBs were followed for 30 days. The proportions of first and relapse treatments were calculated, as well as the therapeutic efficacy at day 10. In the E2 group, the first-line treatments’ proportion was significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the relapse treatments’ proportion tended to be higher (P = 0.08), than in the L10 group. Evolution of clinical scores (CSs) of diseased YB was followed for 10 days. In both groups, CS and rectal temperature decreased significantly 24 h after treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment incidences (TI) representing antimicrobial consumption assessed on used daily doses (UDD) were calculated. Antimicrobial consumption of marbofloxacin and relapse treatments were not significantly different between the groups. These values were strongly influenced by the recourse to a prophylactic antimicrobial treatment, accounting for more than 90% of the antimicrobial amount in the herds implementing prophylaxis. The higher number of treatments in the groups treated on the basis of ruminal temperature monitoring, the accuracy of the detection method, and the necessary conditions to implement precision antimicrobial therapy in the field are discussed in this article.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Precision Antimicrobial Therapy for the Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease: Current Limitations and Perspectives

et al. 2017

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“…Regarding livestock, since the initial introduction in some regions of spiramycin into veterinary practice in the 1960s, a series of macrolides have been used as growth promoters, prophylactic agents or as treatments when necessary (CMPVU, 2011;Sgoiffo Rossi et al, 2010;Torres et al, 2013). Some of these macrolides such as erythromycin have also been used in human medicine while others including tylvalosin, tildipirosin or gamithromycin have exclusively been used in veterinary applications.…”

Section: Veterinary Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Macrolide resistance mechanisms inEnterobacteriaceae: Focus on azithromycin

Gomes

Martínez-Puchol

Palma

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

115

120

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“…17,18,25 Although BRD is truly a multifactorial disease with bacterial, viral, environmental, and host factors involved, Mannheimia haemolytica is the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogen from BRD cases. 16,17,24 Mannheimia haemolytica has many virulence factors that have been identified, and M. haemolytica may transition from being a commensal organism within the nasal passages into a pulmonary pathogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization ofMannheimia haemolyticain beef calves via nasopharyngeal culture and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Mannheimia haemolytica is a major bacterial component of bovine respiratory disease (BRD); unfortunately, very little is known about M. haemolytica transmission dynamics among cattle. Identifying potential variation in M. haemolytica populations over time and induction of nasopharyngeal colonization and subsequent shedding are 2 areas where knowledge is lacking. In our study, 2 separate loads of 20 mixed-origin, male calves were purchased through an order buyer on different dates. Deep nasopharyngeal cultures (NPC) were performed on all calves on arrival and, if M. haemolytica-negative, a second screening culture was obtained. Calves that were negative on 2 initial NPCs (NEG; n = 4) were subsequently challenged with a previously isolated field strain of M. haemolytica in both the upper and lower respiratory tract, individually housed, and then monitored for M. haemolytica shedding via NPCs at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days postchallenge. Naturally M. haemolyticapositive calves (2 per load) were kept for additional daily cultures (POS; n = 4). Individual calf M. haemolytica status for both the POS and NEG groups was inconsistent between study days. Additionally, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis performed on isolates from the positive cultures showed that the NEG calves did not shed the M. haemolytica challenge strain, but rather 2 distinct clusters of M. haemolytica were shared among POS and NEG calves regardless of their initial status. Although sample sizes were small, these findings illustrate how variable the results of a single nasopharyngeal swab can be and the challenges of using an individual culture to truly represent animal M. haemolytica status.

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Field study of the comparative efficacy of gamithromycin and tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex in beef feedlot calves

Abstract: Calves administered gamithromycin had a higher BRDC retreatment rate than did calves administered tulathromycin; otherwise, the clinical efficacy did not differ between the 2 treatments for the treatment of BRDC in feedlot calves.

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Implementing Precision Antimicrobial Therapy for the Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease: Current Limitations and Perspectives

Implementing Precision Antimicrobial Therapy for the Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease: Current Limitations and Perspectives

Macrolide resistance mechanisms inEnterobacteriaceae: Focus on azithromycin

Characterization ofMannheimia haemolyticain beef calves via nasopharyngeal culture and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

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