Field Studies of the Surge Response of a 345-Kv Transmission Tower and Ground Wire

Breuer, G. D.; Schultz, A. J.; Schlomann, R. H.; Price, William S.

doi:10.1109/aieepas.1957.4499802

Cited by 33 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is particularly important in predicting lightning overvoltage on electrical power systems as well as providing reference information for surge protection design. In the past decades, a number of experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out to investigate surge impedance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and the corresponding current attenuation phenomenon [16][17][18][19]. These studies provided useful information for researches and engineers in understanding surge propagation behaviors along vertical structures and designing effective lightning protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Surge Propagation on a Single Conductor in Free Space

Ding

2017

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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This paper introduces an analysis of lightning surge propagation on a conductor without any returning current path. The conductor can be either a free-space or grounded conductor as long as the reflected surge from the ground has not arrived. Unlike a TEM transmission line, this conductor is characterized with time/position-variant surge impedance as surge current attenuates during its propagation. In this paper a simplified formula was derived. Using the unique parameterattenuation coefficient of current, an iterative method was developed to evaluate actual propagation characteristics. This method was verified numerically, and is much more efficient in calculation and easier in implementation. It is found that the surge impedance is affected by the waveform of an impulse current source, but is independent of the slope of a ramp current source. It increases quickly if the source current has a short rising time or failing time. The simplified formula generates over-estimated results, but the difference decreases with increasing distance to the source. The proposed method can be used to address surge voltage on the tower upon the arrival of a reflected surge from the ground.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Surge Propagation on a Single Conductor in Free Space

Ding

2017

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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“…Measurement of the tower surge impedance is performed in two ways: one is the direct method [11], [31], where a current pulse is injected into the tower top and the voltage between the tower top and a reference voltage measuring wire is measured using a voltage divider. e other method is the re ection method [46], where a steep-front traveling wave is injected into the tower top using a wire, and the re ected wave is observed to estimate the transient impedance of the tower. In this paper, the former method of measurement is implemented using numerical simulations, since the re ection method is only valid when evaluating the re ection of waves from adjacent towers [47].…”

Section: Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electromagnetic Model for the Calculation of Tower Surge Impedance Based on Thin Wire Approximation

Salarieh

Silva

Gole

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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When lightning strikes a transmission line tower or shield wires, electromagnetic waves propagate through the tower back and forth, increasing the voltage across insulator strings. is can eventually lead to a back-ashover (BF), which may cause damage to equipment or costly power outages. To calculate the over-voltages and predict the probability of a BF, an accurate model of the tower and its grounding system is needed in electromagnetic transient (EMT) type simulators.ere are a number of theoretical models for the equivalent circuit of a transmission tower. However, they either are not accurate enough or they are derived for a certain type of transmission tower, which limits their applicability. Numerical electromagnetic analyses have less simpli cations compared to the theoretical solutions and are by far less expensive than eld measurements. ey also have the exibility to analyse any type of tower. In this paper, the direct method for the measurement of tower impedance is implemented by NEC4 and applied to a 400-kV double circuit tower with all its details. e process of obtaining the wire network of the tower used in this paper is completely automated and it can be applied to any other type of transmission tower. e results of the numerical simulations are compared to those obtained with existing tower models.e developed model in this paper is capable of considering all the details of the tower and including the nite resistance of the ground and grounding electrodes.

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“…V N A Measurement of the tower surge impedance is performed in two ways: one is the direct method [11], [31], where a current pulse is injected into the tower top and the voltage between the tower top and a reference voltage measuring wire is measured using a voltage divider. e other method is the re ection method [45], where a steep-front traveling wave is injected into the tower top using a wire, and the re ected wave is observed to estimate the transient impedance of the tower. In this paper, the former method of measurement is implemented using numerical simulations, since the re ection method is only valid when evaluating the re ection of waves from adjacent towers [46].…”

Section: A O T Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electromagnetic Model for the Calculation of Tower Surge Impedance Based on Thin Wire Approximation

Salarieh¹,

Silva²,

Gole³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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When a lightning strikes the top of a transmission line tower or shield wires, electromagnetic waves propagate through the tower back and forth, increasing the voltage across insulator strings. is can eventually lead to a back-fl ashover (BF), which may cause damage to equipment or costly power outages. To calculate the over-voltages and predict the probability of a BF, an accurate model of the tower and its grounding system is needed in electromagnetic transient (EMT) type simulators. There are a number of theoretical models for the equivalent circuit of a transmission tower. However, they either are not accurate enough or they are derived for a certain type of transmission tower, which limits their applicability. Numerical electromagnetic analyses have less simplifications compared to the theoretical solutions and are by far less expensive than field measurements. They also have the flexibility to analyze any type of tower. In this paper, the direct method for the measurement of tower impedance is implemented by NEC4 and applied to a 400-kV double circuit tower with all its details. Th e process of obtaining the wire network of the tower used in this paper is completely automated and it can be applied to any other type of transmission tower. Th e results of the numerical simulations are compared to those obtained with existing tower models. Th e developed model in this paper is capable of considering all the details of the tower and including the finite resistance of the ground and grounding electrodes.

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Field Studies of the Surge Response of a 345-Kv Transmission Tower and Ground Wire

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Lightning Surge Propagation on a Single Conductor in Free Space

Lightning Surge Propagation on a Single Conductor in Free Space

An Electromagnetic Model for the Calculation of Tower Surge Impedance Based on Thin Wire Approximation

An Electromagnetic Model for the Calculation of Tower Surge Impedance Based on Thin Wire Approximation

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