Field Studies of Discoloration in Water Distribution Systems: Model Verification and Practical Implications

Husband, Stewart; Boxall, Joby

doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000115

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This concept of cyclic behaviour in association with hydraulic patterns is also analogous, although opposite, to the iron corrosion processes observed by Smith et al (1999) in which soluble iron concentrations increased in the bulk water during low flow periods and then declined owing to flushing effects during demand hours owing to corrosion processes. The suggested mobilization of material from pipe walls by increased hydraulic conditions is supported by discolouration related work in live water distribution system (Boxall and Saul 2005;Husband and Boxall 2010). Overall, these temporal patterns of bacterial abundance and community structure derived from field samples within an operational water distribution system can be inferred to suggest a complex quantitatively and qualitatively dynamic bacterial community influenced by attachment of cells to pipes during low flow periods and subsequent cell mobilization into the suspended phase during active flowing periods.…”

Section: Variation In Bacterial Abundance and Community Structurementioning

confidence: 68%

“…(1999) in which soluble iron concentrations increased in the bulk water during low flow periods and then declined owing to flushing effects during demand hours owing to corrosion processes. The suggested mobilization of material from pipe walls by increased hydraulic conditions is supported by discolouration related work in live water distribution system (Boxall and Saul 2005; Husband and Boxall 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In addition to hydraulic conditions within a distribution system defining residence time, research has suggested that the local hydraulic conditions experienced by a given pipe will impact upon the water quality at that point in the system. Analyses of aesthetic factors, such as discoloration, in both the field and laboratory, have shown the importance of pipe-specific hydraulic conditions for material build up and subsequent mobilization (Boxall and Saul 2005;Husband et al 2008;Husband and Boxall 2010).…”

Section: Impact Of Water Age and Hydraulic Conditions On Bacterial Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of aesthetic factors, such as discoloration, in both the field and laboratory, have shown the importance of pipe‐specific hydraulic conditions for material build up and subsequent mobilization (Boxall and Saul 2005; Husband et al. 2008; Husband and Boxall 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial water quality and network hydraulic characteristics: a field study of a small, looped water distribution system using culture-independent molecular methods

Sekar

Deines

Machell

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To determine the spatial and temporal variability in the abundance, structure and composition of planktonic bacterial assemblages sampled from a small, looped water distribution system and to interpret results with respect to hydraulic conditions. Methods and Results: Water samples were collected from five sampling points, twice a day at 06:00 h and 09:00 h on a Monday (following low weekend demand) and a Wednesday (higher midweek demand). All samples were fully compliant with current regulated parameter standards. This study did not show obvious changes in bacterial abundance (DAPI count) or community structure Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis with respect to sample site and hence to water age; however, the study did show temporal variability with respect to both sampling day and sample times. Conclusions: Data suggests that variations in the bacterial assemblages may be associated with the local system hydraulics: the bacterial composition and numbers, over short durations, are governed by the interaction of the bulk water and the biofilm influenced by the hydraulic conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates general stability in bacterial abundance, community structure and composition within the system studied. Trends and patterns supporting the transfer of idealized understanding to the real world were evident. Ultimately, such work will help to safeguard potable water quality, fundamental to public health.

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Section: Variation In Bacterial Abundance and Community Structurementioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Impact Of Water Age and Hydraulic Conditions On Bacterial Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bacterial water quality and network hydraulic characteristics: a field study of a small, looped water distribution system using culture-independent molecular methods

Sekar

Deines

Machell

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…While the hydraulic mobilisation of iron and manganese deposits has been long known to result in discoloured water, the presence of discoloured water can also be due to other processes such as biofilm mobilisation or chemical interactions between pipe materials and water acidity [7][8][9][10][11]. Discolouration has been shown to significantly vary even between different parts of the same water distribution network and yet is still similarly experienced throughout different countries regardless of widely-varying factors between their Water Distribution Systems (WDS) [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Study of Discolouration Material Mobilisation in Trunk Mains

Meyers

Kapelan

Keedwell

2017

Water

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Abstract:It has been shown that sufficiently high velocities can cause the mobilisation of discolouration material in water distribution systems. However, how much typical hydraulic conditions affect the mobilisation of discolouration material has yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this paper, results are presented from real turbidity and flow observations collected from three U.K. trunk main networks over a period of two years and 11 months. A methodology is presented that determines whether discolouration material has been mobilised by hydraulic forces and the origin of that material. The methodology found that the majority of turbidity observations over 1 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) could be linked to a preceding hydraulic force that exceeded an upstream pipe's hydraulically preconditioned state. The findings presented in this paper show the potential in proactively managing the hydraulic profile to reduce discolouration risk and improve customer service.

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Understanding microbial ecology to improve management of drinking water distribution systems

et al. 2018

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Microorganisms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), and in particular the microbial communities that form biofilms on infrastructure surfaces, drive critical processes impacting water quality. This paper reviews knowledge, research approaches, and monitoring methods to consolidate understanding of the microbial ecology of DWDS. The review highlights how microbial characteristics and subsequent behavior can be broadly classified as common or complex. Common behavior relates to the ubiquitous and continual development of biofilms, consistent core communities, and mediated material accumulation. In contrast, the complex aspect relates to the shape, structure, and composition of the microbiome, defined by site‐specific properties such as supplied source water, pipe material, and hydraulic regimes. It is shown how the latest microbial tools and techniques can be applied to increase our understanding of DWDS ecology and how water utilities are starting to use this knowledge. This is not because of regulatory requirements, but in recognition that they provide valuable information facilitating proactive management and operation benefits to these critical yet aging systems, protecting water quality and public health in the process. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems

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Field Studies of Discoloration in Water Distribution Systems: Model Verification and Practical Implications

Cited by 62 publications

References 15 publications

Bacterial water quality and network hydraulic characteristics: a field study of a small, looped water distribution system using culture-independent molecular methods

Bacterial water quality and network hydraulic characteristics: a field study of a small, looped water distribution system using culture-independent molecular methods

Data-Driven Study of Discolouration Material Mobilisation in Trunk Mains

Understanding microbial ecology to improve management of drinking water distribution systems

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