Field Statistics Overview

Brewer, James E.; Kroll, Mark W.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85475-5_24

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…65 Further researcher report that there have not been any published reports of seizures being induced by the CEW or research showing that a CEW exposure creates a significant elevation in lactate levels or pH shifts, or significant clinical increases in acidosis or catecholamines. 28,[66][67][68][69][70][71] Our findings showed that 13 percent of the arrestees sustained probes in the chest/ abdomen area and were not adversely affected. To date, there is no medical evidence linking causation of ventricular fibrillation with the use of CEW.…”

Section: While the Identified Symptoms And Combination Of Symptoms Ofmentioning

confidence: 54%

Assessing the symptoms associated with excited delirium syndrome and the use of conducted energy weapons

Ross¹,

Hazlett²

2018

FRCIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Incidents where the police and corrections officers confront a person exhibiting the symptoms of the excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) has become an important concern, although rare in occurrence. To date there has been two prospective, epidemiologic studies which have examined the frequency of the symptoms of ExDS during a police use of force confrontation. Using a prospective research design, we analyzed a cohort of 635 arrestees who exhibited symptoms of ExDS as reported by 17 police agencies from six states in the U.S. over twelve months in 2013 during a use of force incident. We sought to determine if police officers could recognize the associated symptoms of ExDS, determine their prevalence during a use of force confrontation, and to assess if the symptoms were observable across multiple agencies. We also assessed the types of resistance displayed by the arrestees and the outcomes of the use of a conducted energy weapon (CEW) in response to the resistance. Officers reported observing thirteen symptoms associated with ExDS. Using descriptive statistics and regression analysis (p=0.05) showed that 58 percent of the arrestees presented 3 to 4 symptoms, 30 percent presented 5 to 6 symptoms, and 12 percent presented 7 or more symptoms. A CEW was applied in 38 percent (n=240) of the incidents and all arrestees were controlled and restrained in the prone position. None of the arrestees died and in 79 percent of the incidents, an arrestee did not sustain an injury. Officers from multiple agencies were able to recognize the varying symptoms associated with ExDS and their prevalence. The outcome of the incidents showed that applying a CEW with an arrestee exhibiting signs of ExDS is a safe and viable use of force device reducing the likelihood of an arrestee death and minimizing arrestee injuries. Based on the results policy, training, and the focus of future research is discussed.

show abstract

Section: While the Identified Symptoms And Combination Of Symptoms Ofmentioning

confidence: 54%

Assessing the symptoms associated with excited delirium syndrome and the use of conducted energy weapons

Ross¹,

Hazlett²

2018

FRCIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of multiple CEWs at approximately the same time or more than three repeated applications have generally been considered to be inappropriate during law‐enforcement activities . As pointed out by Brewer and Kroll , the first suggestion of such a “safe limit” was apparently proposed by Czarnecki , without any solid basis for such a recommendation. Bunker contended that failure to define a threshold for the number of allowable CEW exposures would result in police convincing a noncompliant subject to stop resisting arrest “by means of whatever number of [CEW] shocks it takes—which would probably be unacceptable.” Brave noted that several police organizations have listed a total of 15 sec (repeated applications or continuous exposure) as a significant “safety point.” Some authors cited what was claimed to be “advice published by Taser International suggesting that police should limit multiple Taser use to a 15 sec exposure, either multiple cycle or continued use.” TASER International , however, simply presented a suggestion that “every… trigger pull or 5 sec of discharge must be justified under the specific circumstances,” rather than proposing any relatively arbitrary number.…”

Section: Concepts Of “Safety” and “Acceptability”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures to Conducted Electrical Weapons (IncludingTASER^®Devices): How Many and for How Long are Acceptable?

Jauchem

2014

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

TASER(®) conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are an important law-enforcement tool. The purposes of this study are a) to review recent literature regarding potential pathophysiological responses to applications of CEWs, and other related issues and b) to evaluate whether enough data exist to determine the acceptability of longer-duration (or repeated) exposures. This is a narrative review, using a multidisciplinary approach of analyzing reports from physiological, legal-medical, and police-strategy literature sources. In general, short-duration exposures to CEWs result in limited effects. Longer-duration or repeated exposures may be utilized with caution, although there are currently not enough data to determine the acceptability of all types of exposures. Data examined in the literature have inherent limitations. Appropriateness of specific types of CEW usage may be determined by individual police agencies, applying risk/benefit analyses unique to each organization. While more research is recommended, initial concepts of potential future long-duration or repeated CEW applications are presented.

show abstract

“…The TASER conducted electrical weapon (CEW) has been used in the field over 2.3 million times to date . The CEW, in probe mode, launches two probes toward the resistant subject .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Risk From Conducted Electrical Weapon Probes: What Do We Know?

Kroll

Ritter²,

Guilbault³

et al. 2016

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concern has been raised over the infection risk of the TASER electrical weapon since the probes penetrate the skin. The manufacturing process produces unsterilized probes with a 5% rate of Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Voluntary recipients (n = 208) of probe exposures were surveyed and there were no self-observations of infection. With over 3.3 million probe landings, there have been 10 case reports of penetrations of sensitive tissue with no reported infections. The electrical field was modeled and found that the electrical pulses generate a field of over 1200 V/mm on the dart portion. This is sufficient to sterilize the dart via electroporation. Electrical weapon probes appear to have a very low (possibly zero) rate of infection. The factors leading to this low infection rate appear to be a manufacturing process producing a low rate of bacterial contamination and the pulses sterilizing the dart via electroporation.

show abstract

Field Statistics Overview

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Assessing the symptoms associated with excited delirium syndrome and the use of conducted energy weapons

Assessing the symptoms associated with excited delirium syndrome and the use of conducted energy weapons

Exposures to Conducted Electrical Weapons (IncludingTASER^®Devices): How Many and for How Long are Acceptable?

Infection Risk From Conducted Electrical Weapon Probes: What Do We Know?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Field Statistics Overview

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Assessing the symptoms associated with excited delirium syndrome and the use of conducted energy weapons

Assessing the symptoms associated with excited delirium syndrome and the use of conducted energy weapons

Exposures to Conducted Electrical Weapons (IncludingTASER®Devices): How Many and for How Long are Acceptable?

Infection Risk From Conducted Electrical Weapon Probes: What Do We Know?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Exposures to Conducted Electrical Weapons (IncludingTASER^®Devices): How Many and for How Long are Acceptable?