Field responsive mechanical metamaterials

Jackson, Julie; Messner, Mark C.; Dudukovic, Nikola A.; Smith, William L.; Bekker, Logan; Moran, Bryan D.; Golobic, Alexandra M.; Pascall, Andrew J.; Duoss, Eric B.; Loh, Kenneth J.; Spadaccini, Christopher M.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau6419

Cited by 179 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…However, under the positive magnetic field, the effective stiffness first increases significantly and then decreases as buckling starts to occur. Overall, under the magnetic field, the stiffness of the metamaterial system can be actively tuned from 7% to 200% of its initial value, which is a much wider controllable range as compared with the reported metamaterial systems [43][44][45] . Although we only show the results of two simple designs, we envision that the introduced active metamaterial system opens avenues to a new class of material system with many other interesting multifunctionality such as controllable acoustic properties and energy storage capabilities.…”

Section: Figure 5bmentioning

confidence: 87%

Symmetry-Breaking Actuation Mechanism for Soft Robotics and Active Metamaterials

Zhang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

149

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Magnetic-responsive composites that consist of soft matrix embedded with hard-magnetic particles have recently been demonstrated as robust soft active materials for fast-transforming actuation. However, the deformation of the functional components commonly attains only a single actuation mode under external stimuli, which limits their capability of achieving tunable properties.To greatly enhance the versatility of soft active materials, we exploit a new class of programmable magnetic-responsive composites incorporated with a multifunctional joint design that allows asymmetric multimodal actuation under an external stimulation. We demonstrate that the proposed asymmetric multimodal actuation enables a plethora of novel applications ranging from the basic 1D/2D active structures with asymmetric shape-shifting to biomimetic crawling and swimming robots with efficient dynamic performance as well as 2D metamaterials with tunable properties.This new asymmetric multimodal actuation mechanism will open new avenues for the design of next-generation multifunctional soft robots, biomedical devices, and acoustic metamaterials.

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Section: Figure 5bmentioning

confidence: 87%

Symmetry-Breaking Actuation Mechanism for Soft Robotics and Active Metamaterials

Zhang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

149

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“…The composite relaxes back to its original form in less than 1 s when the magnetic field is released, as shown in Figure c and in the Movie S1 available in the Supporting Information. The combination of various types of liquid inclusions with soft elastomeric matrices has been recently proposed as an effective way to create soft materials with novel functionalities, such as high electrical conductivity and temperature dependent color . We have extended this approach to our material, using instead a magneto‐rheological fluid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically Addressable Shape‐Memory and Stiffening in a Composite Elastomer

et al. 2019

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With a specific stimulus, shape‐memory materials can assume a temporary shape and subsequently recover their original shape, a functionality that renders them relevant for applications in fields such as biomedicine, aerospace, and wearable electronics. Shape‐memory in polymers and composites is usually achieved by exploiting a thermal transition to program a temporary shape and subsequently recover the original shape. This may be problematic for heat‐sensitive environments, and when rapid and uniform heating is required. In this work, a soft magnetic shape‐memory composite is produced by encasing liquid droplets of magneto‐rheological fluid into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix. Under the influence of a magnetic field, this material undergoes an exceptional stiffening transition, with an almost 30‐fold increase in shear modulus. Exploiting this transition, fast and fully reversible magnetic shape‐memory is demonstrated in three ways, by embossing, by simple shear, and by unconstrained 3D deformation. Using advanced synchrotron X‐ray tomography techniques, the internal structure of the material is revealed, which can be correlated with the composite stiffening and shape‐memory mechanism. This material concept, based on a simple emulsion process, can be extended to different fluids and elastomers, and can be manufactured with a wide range of methods.

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“…Strategies on actuation are far beyond traditional mechanical drives, which have been mainly electrically propelled. Unusual materials on soft robotics have inspired novel ways, such as direct pneumatics, jamming effects, chemically based combustion or gas production, electrical field or electrically induced motion, and magnetic field, the choice of which is closely related to the material itself. To date, a series of representative soft robots have come out; however, the distances from laboratory test to factory use are still large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Liquid Integrated Functional Entity: A Basic Way to Innovate Future Advanced Biomimetic Soft Robotics

Liu

Qin

Liu

2019

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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The liquid is an essential component of natural creatures with profound capacities in assisting homeostatic regulation of physiological functions. However, its participation in more diverse biological behaviors, such as intelligence, motion, energy, etc., is seriously neglected and is undisclosed thus far. Herein, it is considered whether liquid systems can offer pivotal hints in the development of intelligent machines. Starting from this core point, a basic conjecture is proposed that specifically equips a robotic system with liquid that brings about revolutionary design of intelligent systems and plays an elementary role in molding future advanced soft robots. Through a comparative analogy between artificially made machines and natural animals, the basic category of the so-termed Intelligent Liquid Integrated Functional Entity (I-LIFE) is drafted and thus enabled. Then, functions of such unconventional robotic liquid are expounded from five aspects, including motion, energy supply, material performance tuning, sensing, and intelligence, respectively. Typical application examples are also illustrated. Furthermore, a group of intelligent liquids are recommended as candidates for developing future robotic systems. The fundamental scientific and technological challenges lying behind these recommendations are outlined. Finally, prospects of I-LIFE are pointed out, which stimulates the increasing design of a future generation of innovative intelligent robotic systems.

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Field responsive mechanical metamaterials

Abstract: We present a new class of architected materials that exhibit rapid, reversible, and sizable changes in effective stiffness.

Cited by 179 publications

References 47 publications

Symmetry-Breaking Actuation Mechanism for Soft Robotics and Active Metamaterials

Symmetry-Breaking Actuation Mechanism for Soft Robotics and Active Metamaterials

Magnetically Addressable Shape‐Memory and Stiffening in a Composite Elastomer

Intelligent Liquid Integrated Functional Entity: A Basic Way to Innovate Future Advanced Biomimetic Soft Robotics

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