Field responses to added organic matter, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and fertilizer in reclamation of taconite iron ore tailing

Noyd, Robert K.; Pfleger, F. L.; Norland, Michael R.

doi:10.1007/bf00011646

Cited by 68 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Utilization of nonmycorrhizal metal-accumulating plant species, such as T. caerulescens, although superior for extraction of excessive soil metals (8), reduces the quantity of glomalean propagules. Since AM inoculum is known to accelerate the establishment of planted vegetation (25,31,36), glomalean propagule decline may necessitate reinoculation of the site with these fungi after completion of metal phytoextraction before the desired plant cover can be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metal Phytoextraction Practices on the Indigenous Community of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at a Metal-Contaminated Landfill

Pawlowska

Chaney

Chin³

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

101

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Phytoextraction involves use of plants to remove toxic metals from soil. We examined the effects of phytoextraction practices with three plant species (Silene vulgaris, Thlaspi caerulescens, and Zea mays) and a factorial variation of soil amendments (either an ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen and the presence or absence of an elemental sulfur supplement) on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomales, Zygomycetes) at a moderately metal-contaminated landfill located in St. Paul, Minn. Specifically, we tested whether the applied treatments affected the density of glomalean spores and AM root colonization in maize. Glomalean fungi from the landfill were grouped into two morphotypes characterized by either light-colored spores (LCS) or darkcolored spores (DCS). Dominant species of the LCS morphotype were Glomus mosseae and an unidentified Glomus sp., whereas the DCS morphotype was dominated by Glomus constrictum. The density of spores of the LCS morphotype from the phytoremediated area was lower than the density of these spores in the untreated landfill soil. Within the experimental area, spore density of the LCS morphotype in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal maize was significantly higher than in rhizospheres of nonmycorrhizal S. vulgaris or T. caerulescens. Sulfur supplement increased vesicular root colonization in maize and exerted a negative effect on spore density in maize rhizosphere. We conclude that phytoextraction practices, e.g., the choice of plant species and soil amendments, may have a great impact on the quantity and species composition of glomalean propagules as well as on mycorrhiza functioning during long-term metal-remediation treatments.Health hazards posed by the accumulation of toxic metals in the environment accompanied by the high cost of removal and replacement of metal-polluted soil have prompted efforts to develop phytoremediation strategies that would utilize plants to extract excessive soil metals. Several plant species or ecotypes associated with heavy-metal-enriched soils accumulate metals in the shoots (15). These plants can be used to clean up metal-contaminated sites by extracting metals from soil and concentrating them in aboveground biomass (9, 34). The metal-enriched biomass can be harvested using standard agricultural methods and smelted to recover the metal.Metal phytoextraction is not as extreme as conventional metal removal methods but still involves considerable alterations to the environment, including elimination of the existing vegetation cover and the application of fertilizers and soil amendments, such as synthetic chelates or sulfur, to increase metal availability to plants (14,19,38). Achieving a desired reduction in soil metal concentration may require cultivation of metal-accumulating plants at the remediated site for several cycles that include harvest and removal of metal-enriched biomass (16). The decontaminated area may be subsequently revegetated with a more appropriate and/or desirable plant cover.Despite the important role that rhizosphere microorganisms p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metal Phytoextraction Practices on the Indigenous Community of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at a Metal-Contaminated Landfill

Pawlowska

Chaney

Chin³

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

101

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“…Because weedy plants usually respond better to fertilization than warm-season prairie grasses, this result may be due to increased mycorrhizal infectivity as weedy grasses did not diminish with increasing application rate but prairie grasses increased. A study conducted on iron mine tailings in Minnesota found that composted yard waste significantly increased vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infectivity compared to inoculation using some of the same species planted in this study and that available P increased more in the plots amended with the compost than with fertilizers (Noyd et al 1995;Noyd, Pfleger, and Norland 1996). However, given that soil P levels only increased in the depths where pulp was incorporated, decomposition of the Fluff and subsequent mineralization of P was most likely responsible, regardless of the effect of pulp on mycorrhizal infection.…”

Section: Soil Analysismentioning

confidence: 50%

Effects of a New Waste‐Processing By‐product on Soil and Vegetation at Fort Campbell, Tennessee

Busby¹,

Gebhart²,

Torbert³

et al. 2010

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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A garbage-processing technology has been developed that sterilizes and separates inorganic and organic components of municipal solid waste. A study was initiated to evaluate the uncomposted organic by-product of this process as a soil amendment for establishing native prairie grasses on disturbed Army training lands. The waste was incorporated into a silt loam soil at Fort Campbell Military Reservation in the central United States. The waste material was applied at rates of 0, 4.5, 9, 18, and 36 Mg ha 21 and seeded with native prairie grasses to assess its effects on vegetation for two growing seasons, with an additional unseeded control treatment for comparison to natural recovery. Treatments receiving the highest rate of application had significantly more native grass basal cover and percent composition than the controls. Plant phosphorus accumulation increased significantly with increasing pulp application. Soil phosphorus and lead concentrations increased in the top 10 cm of the highest application rates where pulp was mixed in the soil. Because minimal environmental effects were detected and the pulp improved perennial grass establishment and nutrition at the 36 Mg ha 21 rate, land application should be considered a viable and beneficial alternative to current waste-management practices.

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“…Whether the effect of increased plant P accumulation is a direct result of Fluff supplied P or by some other mechanism is unknown. Because weedy plants usually respond better to fertilization than warm season prairie grasses, this result may have been due to increased mycorrhizal infectivity as weedy grasses did not diminish with increasing application rate, but prairie grasses increased (Noyd et al, 1995(Noyd et al, , 1996. However, given that soil P levels only increased in the depths where Fluff was incorporated, decomposition of the Fluff and subsequent mineralization of P was most likely responsible.…”

Section: Silty-loam Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Municipal Solid Waste Processing Technology Reduces Volume and Provides Beneficial Reuse Applications for Soil Improvement and Dust Control

Torbert¹,

Gebhart²,

Busby³

2011

Integrated Waste Management - Volume I

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Field responses to added organic matter, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and fertilizer in reclamation of taconite iron ore tailing

Cited by 68 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Metal Phytoextraction Practices on the Indigenous Community of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at a Metal-Contaminated Landfill

Effects of Metal Phytoextraction Practices on the Indigenous Community of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at a Metal-Contaminated Landfill

Effects of a New Waste‐Processing By‐product on Soil and Vegetation at Fort Campbell, Tennessee

New Municipal Solid Waste Processing Technology Reduces Volume and Provides Beneficial Reuse Applications for Soil Improvement and Dust Control

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