Field-relevant doses of the systemic insecticide fipronil and fungicide pyraclostrobin impair mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands in nurse honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Zaluski, Rodrigo; Justulin, Luís Antônio; Orsi, Ricardo de Oliveira

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15581-5

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Syrup consumption in our study (mean 0.023 mL bee –1 per day, SD = 0.016) was within the range reported for other chronic cage studies . Considering that HPG development may be influenced by the laboratory environment, the results of our study suggest that semi‐field exposure may be the best experimental context for evaluation of HPGs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This finding is in contrast to other research groups who found a significant decrease in HPG acinar diameter in workers exposed to similar doses of neonicotinoids on similar days of development . Similar to our study, Zaluski et al . found that co‐exposure of honey bees to fungicides and neurotoxic insecticides did not cause synergistic or additive decreases in HPG acinar area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…found that co‐exposure of honey bees to fungicides and neurotoxic insecticides did not cause synergistic or additive decreases in HPG acinar area. However, Zaluski et al . showed that pesticide exposure had significant negative effects on HPG area, with pesticide‐exposed bees having ∼94% more HPG acini with reduced cross‐sectional area compared to controls .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPG acini reach maximal size in nursing bees of approximately 6 days old with subsequent gland atrophy during the transition to foraging duties . Premature atrophy of these brood food‐producing glands has been associated with exposure to insecticides and fungicides, possibly resulting in suboptimal feeding of brood …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Premature atrophy of these brood food-producing glands has been associated with exposure to insecticides and fungicides, possibly resulting in suboptimal feeding of brood. 26 Considering the high frequency of exposure and sensitivity of honey bees to mixtures of pesticides, there is a need for more studies which evaluate combined effects of neonicotinoids and fungicides, particularly chronic studies beyond standard 10-day feeding trials 21 to allow for development of cumulative toxic effects. 9,27 As such, a comprehensive risk assessment should include an evaluation of cumulative effects on both adults and brood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of chronic dietary thiamethoxam and prothioconazole exposure on Apis mellifera worker adults and brood

Wood

Mattos

Kozii

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Chronic exposure of honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam and the fungicide prothioconazole is common during foraging in agricultural landscapes. We evaluated the survival and hypopharyngeal gland development of adult worker honey bees, and the survival of the worker brood when chronically exposed to thiamethoxam or thiamethoxam and prothioconazole in combination. RESULTS We found that 30 days of exposure to 40 μg kg–1 of thiamethoxam significantly (P < 0.001) increased the frequency of death in worker adults by four times relative to solvent control. The worker brood required 23 times higher doses of thiamethoxam (1 mg L–1 or 909 μg kg–1) before a significant (P = 0.04), 3.9 times increase in frequency of death was observed relative to solvent control. No additive effects of simultaneous exposure of worker adults or brood to thiamethoxam and prothioconazole were observed. At day 8 and day 12, the hypopharyngeal gland acinar diameter was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between controls and adult workers exposed to thiamethoxam and/or prothioconazole. CONCLUSION These results indicate that chronic exposure to field‐realistic doses of thiamethoxam and/or prothioconazole are unlikely to affect the survival of adult workers and brood. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of chronic dietary thiamethoxam and prothioconazole exposure on Apis mellifera worker adults and brood

Wood

Mattos

Kozii

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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Mitochondrial Respiratory Inhibition Promoted by Pyraclostrobin in Fungi is Also Observed in Honey Bees

Nicodemo

Mingatto

Jong

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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There is no use restriction associated with bees for many fungicides used in agriculture; however, this does not always mean that these pesticides are harmless for these nontarget organisms. We investigated whether the fungicide pyraclostrobin, which acts on fungal mitochondria, also negatively affects honey bee mitochondrial bioenergetics. Honey bees were collected from 5 hives and anesthetized at 4°C. The thoraces were separated, and mitochondria were isolated by grinding, filtering, and differential centrifugation. An aliquot of 0.5 mg of mitochondrial proteins was added to 0.5 mL of a standard reaction medium with 4 mM succinate (complex II substrate) plus 50 nM rotenone (complex I inhibitor), and mitochondrial respiration was measured at 30°C using a Clark-type oxygen electrode. Mitochondrial membrane potential was determined spectrofluorimetrically using safranin O as a probe, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis was determined by chemiluminescence. Pyraclostrobin at 0 to 50 μM was tested on the mitochondrial preparations, with 3 repetitions. Pyraclostrobin inhibited mitochondrial respiration in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10 μM and above, demonstrating typical inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Pyraclostrobin also promoted a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential at doses of 5 μM and above and in ATP synthesis at 15 μM and above. We conclude that pyraclostrobin interferes with honey bee mitochondrial function, which is especially critical for the energy-demanding flight activity of foraging bees. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1267-1272. © 2020 SETAC

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Experimental removal of invasive Africanized honey bees increased breeding population size of the endangered Lear's macaw

Pacífico

Efstathion²,

Filadelfo³

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Invasive Africanized honey bees potentially compete with cavity-nesting birds in South America. However, the impacts of this competition and its conservation consequences to threatened species are poorly known. We quantified the presence of these bees and assessed their competition for cliff cavities used by nesting Lear's macaws Anodorhynchus leari, a globally endangered parrot endemic to the Caatinga biome of Brazil. We treated beehives with permethrin by shooting them with a crossbow bolt that distributed the compound upon impact. When feasible, we removed the comb and applied an insecticide (fipronil) to deter bee recolonization. We subsequently surveyed the macaw breeding population to verify whether our treatment allowed for nest recruitment in cavities previously occupied by bees. RESULTS: We recorded > 100 beehives in the nesting cliffs. Hives outnumbered macaw nests tenfold in two areas recently recolonized by macaws. Cavities occupied by bees were significantly higher than those occupied by macaws, suggesting that macaws may be forced to breed in lower cavities. None of the untreated cavities (n = 50) were occupied by nesting macaws, whereas 15% of treated cavities (n = 52) were occupied within 2 years post treatment. Treated cavities occupied by macaws were significantly higher than those not occupied. Hive management increased macaw breeding population by 71% of the macaw breeding population increase. CONCLUSION: Experimental hive treatments were effective in restoring nesting resources lost due to bee infestation. An intensive and continued eradication program is recommended to enhance macaw habitat restoration, facilitating its expansion into historical areas.

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Field-relevant doses of the systemic insecticide fipronil and fungicide pyraclostrobin impair mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands in nurse honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Cited by 49 publications

References 76 publications

Effects of chronic dietary thiamethoxam and prothioconazole exposure on Apis mellifera worker adults and brood

Effects of chronic dietary thiamethoxam and prothioconazole exposure on Apis mellifera worker adults and brood

Mitochondrial Respiratory Inhibition Promoted by Pyraclostrobin in Fungi is Also Observed in Honey Bees

Experimental removal of invasive Africanized honey bees increased breeding population size of the endangered Lear's macaw

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