Field Observations on the Bean Seed Fly (Seed Corn Maggot), <i>Chortophila cilicrura</i>, Rond., and <i>C. trichodactyla</i>, Rond.

Miles, Mary

doi:10.1017/s0007485300023233

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Decaying vegetation is one proteinaceous food present at this time. Consequently, reports of SCM being attracted to decaying vegetation for oviposition (e.g., Hawley 1922, Miles 1948) might also be interpreted as females being attracted to a proteinaceous food.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reproductive Biology and Techniques for Examining Ovarian Dynamics

Higley

Pedigo

1984

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reproductive Biology and Techniques for Examining Ovarian Dynamics

Higley

Pedigo

1984

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…It had been previously observed (Miles, 1948) that larvae fed on the buried residues of a crop of cabbage seedlings. It had been previously observed (Miles, 1948) that larvae fed on the buried residues of a crop of cabbage seedlings.…”

Section: Feeding Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have already been published (Miles, 1948) and more detailed observations have now been made with the aid of a grant from the Agricultural Research Council. and C. trichodactyla (Rond.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of British Anthomyiid Flies

Miles

1950

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Observations have been made on the life-history and habits of C. cilicrura. The flies came to moist, freshly turned soil at all times from April to October, particularly in warm bright weather, but the number of flies seen on observation plots was affected by the area of damp and disturbed soil nearby. Both males and females were attracted and some females laid eggs within a few minutes of their capture. When isolated in phials and fed on dilute sugar solution, captured flies lived up to 79 days. Captured females spent varying periods up to 44 days before laying eggs. The eggs were usually laid in batches of less than ten at irregular intervals over periods extending up to 28 days, and 53 eggs per fly was the highest number recorded. Parasitism by the nematode, Heterotylenchus aberrans Bovien, occurred.Eggs were found in soil crevices and on vegetation in contact with soil. The observed incubation period was 2–4 days according to the temperature.The duration of the larval instars was affected by temperature; in captivity, the larval feeding period was 8–16 days in May-June and 15–24 days in October-November. The pupal stage lasted from 16–21 days in May-June and from five weeks to five months in autumn and winter. A few flies emerged during January and February in the insectary.In captivity first-instar larvae found food buried at a depth of 6 ins. and they were able to reach maturity on fragments of vegetation buried in sand. It is suggested that they are primarily scavengers on organic matter in the soil.Larvae of P. fugax have been found in the stems and crowns of turnips and swedes, and in cabbages, cauliflowers, lettuces and brussels sprouts. A study of their habitat shows that they occur in decomposing vegetation.Eggs have been found about various brassicas. Their incubation period was 2–4 days. Larvae were reared in decomposing vegetation. Pupation takes place in the soil and in the feeding sites. Adults have been taken from May to October. The life-cycle from egg to adult occupied 4–5 weeks in spring and the winter was passed in the pupal stage.

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“…E. brassicae and E. floralis are true cabbage root flies and are widely distributed on cruciferous crops in Northern Europe, North America and parts of Asia. D. cilicrura and D. trichodactyla, the bean seed flies or seed corn maggots, are primarily scavengers on plant and animal matter in the soil; they are found at the roots of cruciferous crops in association with E. brassicae and E. floralis (Lundblad, 1933 ;Fulton, 1942 ;Miles, 1948 ;Brooks, 1949) and they occur alone on crucifers set out in September and October (Miles, 1948). P. fugax is associated with decaying vegetation, and from May to October its eggs are numerous on cruciferous crops (Miles, 1950).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of British Anthomyiid Flies

Miles

1952

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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III. IMMATURE STAGES OF Delia cilicrura (ROND.), D. trichodactyla (ROND.), Erioischia brassicae (BCH.). E. floralis (FALL.) AND Pegohylemyia fugax (Me).The immature stages of Delia cilicrura (Rond.), D. trichodactyla (Rond.), Erioischia brassicae (Bch.), E. floralis (Fall.) and Pegohylemyia fugax (Mg.) occur separately or in mixed populations on cruciferous crops, and since they differ in habit and importance it is advisable that their various stages should be recognised and distinguished. E. brassicae and E. floralis are true cabbage root flies and are widely distributed on cruciferous crops in Northern Europe, North America and parts of Asia. D. cilicrura and D. trichodactyla, the bean seed flies or seed corn maggots, are primarily scavengers on plant and animal matter in the soil; they are found at the roots of cruciferous crops in association with E. brassicae and E. floralis (Lundblad, 1933 ;Fulton, 1942 ;Miles, 1948 ;Brooks, 1949) and they occur alone on crucifers set out in September and October (Miles, 1948). P. fugax is associated with decaying vegetation, and from May to October its eggs are numerous on cruciferous crops (Miles, 1950). Egg Stage.The eggs of the several species have a common basic pattern. They are white, elongate, with one side convex and the other side slightly concave, rounded posteriorly and truncated anteriorly where there is a thick rim round the micropylar area. The chorion has a sculptured surface, the pattern of which tends to vary with the species, and there is a smooth white vitelline membrane which can be seen when the chorion is torn.Eggs of D. cilicrura (PI. V, fig. 1) have a finely reticulated surface, the pattern being dominated by the broken, longitudinal ribbing. A pair of thick ridges arise in the anterior rim and extend along the concave side for about one-fifth of the length (one of the ridges is visible on the egg on the left in PI. V, fig. 1). A series of 35 eggs had an average length of 0-92 mm. (range 0-9-0-95 mm.). It has not been possible to separate eggs of D. cilicrura from those of D. trichodactyla.Eggs of E. brassicae (PI. V, fig. 3) have a coarse, longitudinal ribbing on the chorion, thicker and less broken than that on the chorion of D. cilicrura. A pair of thick ridges arise in the anterior rim and extend along the concave side to the tip where they meet. The area between the ridges is more delicately sculptured and is ruptured at eclosion. Measurements showed that the length of the eggs varied from 0-9 to 0-95 mm., with an average of 0-93 mm.Eggs of E. floralis have the pattern of the chorion similar to that of eggs of E. brassicae but are distinctly larger (PL V, fig. 4); the length varies from 1 -1 to 1 -2 mm., with an average of 1-16 mm. Vodinskaya (1928) records the length of eggs of E. floralis as 1 -2-1 -5 mm.Eggs of P. fugax (PL V, fig. 2) have the chorion distinctly reticulated, the cells being large and rounded. A pair of irregular, keeled ridges arise in the micropylar rim where they form small shoulder-like projections and extend along the ...

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Field Observations on the Bean Seed Fly (Seed Corn Maggot), Chortophila cilicrura, Rond., and C. trichodactyla, Rond.

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reproductive Biology and Techniques for Examining Ovarian Dynamics

Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reproductive Biology and Techniques for Examining Ovarian Dynamics

Studies of British Anthomyiid Flies

Studies of British Anthomyiid Flies

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