Field observation of total dissolved gas supersaturation of high-dams

Lü, Qing; Li, Ran; Li, Jia; Li, Kefeng; Deng, Yun

doi:10.1007/s11431-010-4217-8

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Intermittent exposure may increase the TDG supersaturation level that fish are capable of tolerating or prolong the survival time of fish in supersaturated water, because this scenario provides fish with an opportunity to recover from GBD (Weitkamp and Katz 1980). Weitkamp (1976) intermittently exposed juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to TDG-supersaturated water in the forebay of the Rock Island Dam, Columbia River, by alternatively confining fish in live cages at depths of 0-1 m and 3-4 m, and their results showed that both mortality and the percentage of survivors with signs of GBD were significantly less than in those fish held at constant depths of 0-1 m. According to TDG observations and predictions for high-dam engineering in China, the TDG saturation downstream from the dams in the Gongzui, Tongjiezi, and Xiangjiaba rivers was approximately 130% (Qu et al 2011). Therefore, Prenant's Schizothoracin were most likely exposed intermittently to water at 130% TDG supersaturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, a number of high dams and super-high dams (100-300 m) have been built in the upper Yangtze River basin in China to meet the country's energy requirements (Zhou et al 2006;Huang and Zheng 2009). When water is allowed to spill over a hydroelectric dam, the intense aeration and pressure in the deep plunge-pool produced by the highvolume discharge leads to supersaturation of total dissolved gases (TDGs) in water downstream from the dams (Hibbs and Gulliver 1997;Qu et al 2011). Total dissolved gas supersaturation can cause fish to develop gas bubble disease (GBD), which can threaten their survival (Weitkamp and Katz 1980).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tolerance and Avoidance Characteristics of Prenant's Schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti to Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturated Water

Wang

et al. 2015

N American J Fish Manag

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When water is allowed to spill over a hydroelectric dam, the intense aeration and pressure in the deep plunge‐pool produced by the high‐volume discharge generates water supersaturated with total dissolved gases (TDGs) in areas downstream from the dam, which can cause gas bubble disease (GBD) in fish and threaten their survival. Experiments were conducted to measure the acute lethality, intermittent exposure, horizontal avoidance, and vertical avoidance of Prenant's Schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti related to TDG supersaturation. The fish were placed in different tanks containing TDG‐supersaturated water at a maximum water depth of 35 cm, and the resulting median lethal times (LT50) determined for the fish were 23.88, 9.66, 8.74, 8.03, 4.61, 3.48, and 2.81 h when the TDG supersaturation levels were 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, and 150%, respectively. The LT50 values of the fish in continuous exposure conditions were not significantly different from the LT50 values of fish subjected to intermittent exposure (F = 2.72, df = 9,10, P = 0.07). In all of the avoidance experiments, Prenant's Schizothoracin exhibited varying degrees of horizontal escape from and strong vertical avoidance of TDG‐supersaturated water. These results provide important information that can be used in operational processes at hydropower stations in China and contribute fundamental data for the establishment of water‐related environmental standards for this and similar species. Received November 1, 2014; accepted May 8, 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Tolerance and Avoidance Characteristics of Prenant's Schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti to Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturated Water

Wang

et al. 2015

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Nevertheless, the impact of dissolved gas super-saturation on larval abundance cannot be exactly estimated in this study, because dissolved gas levels during each flow increase in 2003-2009 were not monitored. However, the appearance of the average discharge of flow increase (Qavg) in the best post-dam function (eqn 5) might partially reflect the negative impact of dissolved gas super-saturation, because levels of dissolved gas super-saturation caused by spills of Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam were positively linked with the discharge from TGR and Gezhouba Reservoir Qu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Reasons For the Variation In Significant Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the significant environmental factors affecting larval abundance of four majorChinese carp species: fish spawning response to the Three Gorges Dam

Wang

Duan

et al. 2014

Freshwater Biology

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Summary Larval abundance of fish species downstream of large dams generally declines with changes in flow and thermal regime caused by dam operation. Fish conservation strategies in dammed rivers may need to be modified because adjustments in life‐history or spawning behaviour are necessary for adult fishes to survive in modified environments. We used genetic programming to identify significant pre‐ and post‐dam environmental factors affecting larval abundance of four major Chinese carp species in the Yangtze River downstream of the Three Gorges Dam and to quantify their relationships with larval abundance during a 13‐year period (1997–2009) that encompasses seven pre‐dam years and six post‐dam years. Significant pre‐dam factors included duration and rise rate of flow increase. With a nonlinear correlation, larval abundance slightly increased with duration of flow increase (Duration) when 2 days ≤ Duration ≤ 4 days, but significantly increased with Duration when 5 days ≤ Duration ≤ 8 days. With an approximate linear correlation, larval abundance increased with average daily rise rate of flow increase (QRavg) when QRavg ≤ 2000 m3 s−1 day−1. Timing of flow increase was the most significant post‐dam factor, with the majority of adult carp spawning 55–80 days after water temperature at Yichang gauge station reached 15 °C. Duration of flow increase remained significant and its relationship with larval abundance remained unchanged, but rise rate of flow increase was no longer identified as a significant factor. Water temperature became significant with larval abundance decreasing slightly with maximum water temperature of flow increase (WTmax) when 22 °C ≤ WTmax ≤ 26 °C. Changes in the significance of individual environmental factors were caused by adaptation to thermal regime alterations through a gradual delay in spawning time. Because the delayed spawning period was much closer to, or even overlapped with the main flood season, magnitude and rise rate of flow increase and water temperature all increased. These changes, coupled with a lack of long flow increase (Duration ≥ 5 days), the occurrence of dissolved gas super‐saturation and the disappearance of most spawning grounds in the Three Gorges Reservoir, resulted in a substantial decline in carp larval abundance of the middle Yangtze River. Variation in the significant factors and their relationships to larval abundance implies that mimicking a natural flow regime without accounting for fish response to environmental changes may not provide the environmental flows needed to enhance native fish spawning. Based on pre‐ and post‐dam relationships between significant factors and larval abundance, we recommend that in order to enhance the four carp species spawning, the Three Gorges Reservoir should plan at least one flow release with increased discharges (Duration ≥ 5 days, 900 ≤ QRavg ≤ 3000 m3 s−1 day−1 and discharge ≤ 30 000 m3 s−1) between 15 June and 20 July when water temperature is <25 °C.

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“…Many previous studies have focused on how the TDG dissipation process from supersaturation to saturation is associated with conditions such as water depth, turbulence characteristics, Reynolds number and sediment concentration (Jiang et al, 2008a;Qu, 2011;Feng, 2013;Li et al, 2013). However, there are few studies on the quantitative effects of the water temperature on the supersaturated TDG dissipation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Shen

Liu

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Field observation of total dissolved gas supersaturation of high-dams

Cited by 70 publications

References 4 publications

Tolerance and Avoidance Characteristics of Prenant's Schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti to Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturated Water

Tolerance and Avoidance Characteristics of Prenant's Schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti to Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturated Water

Variation in the significant environmental factors affecting larval abundance of four majorChinese carp species: fish spawning response to the Three Gorges Dam

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

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