Field Method for the Determination of Insoluble or Total Hexavalent Chromium in Workplace Air

Hazelwood, Kyle; Drake, Pamela L.; Ashley, Kevin; Marcy, Dale

doi:10.1080/15459620490493810

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This means that about 75% of Cr(VI) complexed with DPC was concentrated in the organic phase. Cr(VI) extraction of some pieces of membrane with the buffer suggested by Hazelwood et al [29] in order to monitor the soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) compounds did not significantly change the results, the concentration of insoluble Cr(VI) in this study being considered negligible. Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Cr(VI) can be detected in environmental samples using different approaches: soluble or total Cr(VI) can be distinguished by changing the extraction solution from the membrane buffer [29], and more sophisticated separation can be obtained by means of SPE or chromatography techniques [23]. However, as these are time-consuming and relatively expensive methods, we propose a very simple and rapid method of detecting soluble Cr(VI) based on the direct extraction of the Cr(VI)-DPC complex in 1-butanol and by-passing such extraction procedures as SPE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

Goldoni

Caglieri

Poli

et al. 2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Chromium speciation has attracted attention because of the different toxicity of Cr(III), which is considered relatively non-toxic, and Cr(VI), which can cross cell membranes mainly as a chromate anion and has been classified as a class I human carcinogen. The aims of the present study were to measure soluble Cr(VI) levels in environmental samples, to develop a simple method of quantifying Cr(VI) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to follow the kinetics of EBC Cr(VI) in chrome plating workers.Personal air samples were collected from 10 chrome platers; EBC was collected from the same workers immediately after the work shift on Tuesday and before the work shift on the following Wednesday. Environmental and EBC Cr(VI) levels were determined by means of colorimetry and electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry, respectively.The method of detecting Cr(VI) in environmental air was based on the extraction of the Cr(VI)-diphenylcarbazide (Cr(VI)-DPC) complex in 1-butanol, whereas EBC Cr(VI) was determined using a solvent extraction of Cr(VI) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium ion, and subsequent direct determination of the complex (Cr(VI)-DPC) in EBC.Kinetic data showed that airborne Cr(VI) was reduced by 50% in airway lining fluid sampled at the end of exposure and that there was a further 50% reduction after about 15 h. The persistence of Cr (VI) in EBC supports the use of EBC in assessing target tissue levels of Cr(VI).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

Goldoni

Caglieri

Poli

et al. 2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…50 SAE-SPE can be omitted if suspected metallic interferences are not present, or can be minimized by other means, e.g., with inclusion of phosphoric acid during extraction. 51 Recent studies have extended applications of the method to extraction of insoluble Cr(VI) compounds 52 and sequential extraction of soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) species. 53 Table 1 summarizes the NIOSH field-portable methods for metals measurement described above.…”

Section: Niosh Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-portable methods for monitoring occupational exposures to metals

Ashley¹

2010

J. Chem. Health Saf.

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Millions of workers are employed in manufacturing, mining, construction, and other industries where significant amounts of airborne metals and metal compounds are generated. Depending on the work practices, processes, techniques, and locations, exposures to airborne and surface sources of a variety of metals can cause occupational illness. These exposures can lead to a plethora of adverse health effects such as lung disease, anemia, cancer, asthma, dermal sensitization, dermatitis and neurological damage. The ability to monitor worker exposures to metals on-site in the field has been a goal of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) since the early 1990s. In the last 15 years or so, several fieldportable procedures for metals have been developed, evaluated and published as NIOSH methods. These methods, published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, describe field screening tests and on-site analysis for lead, hexavalent chromium and beryllium. Some of these methods have also been published in the form of ASTM International voluntary consensus standards. This paper gives an overview of NIOSH research and development efforts on field screening and portable analytical methods for metals in the workplace. The goal of such efforts has been to provide screening and analytical tools that can be used onsite in the field to aid in the prevention of excessive exposures to toxic metals in the workplace.

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“…Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a human pulmonary carcinogen (Barceloux, 1999; Li et al ., 2002; Hazelwood et al ., 2004; Pettine and Capri, 2005; Grabarczyk, 2008), which has been listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) by the US EPA (2004). Cr(VI) in ambient air is emitted from anthropogenic sources including metallurgical and refractory industries, chrome plating, cement industry, fuel combustion, corrosion inhibition and pigments manufacture (Barceloux, 1999; Kimbrough et al , 1999; Yoo et al , 2002; Werner et al , 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Soluble and Total Hexavalent Chromium in the Ambient Airborne Particles in New Jersey

Huang

Hopke

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) is a known pulmonary carcinogen and may have both soluble and insoluble forms. The sum of the two forms is defined as total Cr(VI). Currently, there were no methods suitable for large-scale monitoring of total Cr(VI) in ambient PM. This study developed a method to measure total Cr(VI) in ambient PM. This method includes PM collection using a Teflon filter, microwave extraction with 3% Na2CO3-2% NaOH at 95°C for 60 minutes, and Cr(VI) analysis by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide colorimetry at 540 nm. The recoveries of total Cr(VI) were 119.5 ± 10.4% and 106.3 ± 16.7% for the Cr(VI)-certified reference materials, SQC 012 and SRM 2700, respectively. Total Cr(VI) in the reference urban PM (NIST 1648a) was 26.0 ± 3.1 mg/kg (%CV = 11.9%) determined by this method. The method detection limit was 0.33 ng/m3. This method and the one previously developed to measure ambient Cr(VI), which is soluble in pH ~9.0 aqueous solution, were applied to measure Cr(VI) in ambient PM10 collected from three urban areas and one suburban area in New Jersey. The total Cr(VI) concentrations were 1.05–1.41 ng/m3 in the winter and 0.99–1.56 ng/m3 in the summer. The soluble Cr(VI) concentrations were 0.03–0.19 ng/m3 in the winter and 0.12–0.37 ng/m3 in the summer. The summer mean ratios of soluble to total Cr(VI) were 14.3–43.7%, significantly higher than 4.2–14.4% in the winter. The winter concentrations of soluble and total Cr(VI) in the suburban area were significantly lower than in the three urban areas. The results suggested that formation of Cr(VI) via atmospheric chemistry may contribute to the higher soluble Cr(VI) concentrations in the summer.

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Field Method for the Determination of Insoluble or Total Hexavalent Chromium in Workplace Air

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

Field-portable methods for monitoring occupational exposures to metals

Measurement of Soluble and Total Hexavalent Chromium in the Ambient Airborne Particles in New Jersey

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