Field‐Induced Transparent Electrode‐Integrated Transparent Solar Cells and Heater for Active Energy Windows: Broadband Energy Harvester

Abstract

Invisible power generation by natural and artificial light enables sustainability by onsite‐power deployment, lower cost, and minimal burden on the built environment. However, dark, opaque photovoltaics limit light utilization in a transparent way. Herein, it is proposed that the active energy window (AEW) invisibly features power production, providing higher freedom for onsite power generators in window objects without limiting human vision. The AEW has a transparent photovoltaic (TPV) for onsite power and a transparent heater (TH) to remove the effects of shadows from snow and recover the power lost. Moreover, a heating function is applied to remove the effects of weathering related to snow. The proposed prototype integrates a TPV‐TH, offering ultraviolet (UV)‐blocking, daylighting, thermal comfort, and onsite power with a power conversion efficiency of 3% (AM1.5G). Field‐induced transparent electrodes are applied to the TPV‐TH and designed considering the AEW. Owing to these electrodes, the AEW ensure a wide field‐of‐view without optical dead zones, ensuring see‐through vision. The first TPV‐TH integration is performed into a 2 cm2‐window that generates onsite power of 6 mW and has an average visible transmittance of ≈39%. It is believed that light can be utilized with comfort through the AEW in self‐sustainable buildings and vehicles.

Integrating machine learning and the finite element method for assessing stiffness degradation in photovoltaic modules

“…It is also important to expand the applicability of the model by applying its principles to other types of PV modules or configurations. For instance, in real-world scenarios, PV modules are sometimes deployed in cold climates where heaters are integrated to mitigate performance issues related to low temperatures [57,58]. Integrating such environmental factors into simulations could enhance the model's predictive capabilities.…”

Fabrication of ZnO/CuBr1-x I x microstructural transparent solar cells with buffer layer

“…Although TSCs absorbing visible light and some TSCs absorbing NIR light exhibit high power conversion efficiency, they cannot be installed on windows owing to their low transmittances (less than 70%). [2][3][4][5][6] UV absorbing TSCs have high transmittance in the visible region owing to their wide band gap. However, UV light-absorbing TSCs are expensive owing to the cost of the materials and fabrication processes used, or UV lightabsorbing TSCs exhibit low ideal efficiency because the band gap is too wide for effective UV absorption.…”