Field-induced spin nematic Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid of the S=12 spin ladder system with anisotropic ferromagnetic rung interaction

Quantum phases and thermodynamics of a frustrated spin-1/2 ladder with alternate Ising–Heisenberg rung interactions

“…Frustrated low-dimensional quantum magnets exhibit a zoo of quantum phases which attracts more interest to both theoreticians as well as experimentalists, and so the theoretical studies are quite necessary for the verification of the experimental results due to the ever-growing synthesis of low-dimensional magnetic materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In the spin chains and ladder systems, the competing exchange interactions lead to many interesting quantum phases like ferromagnetic ground state [16], Néel phase [17][18][19], Luttinger liquid [20,21], spiral [22], spin liquid [23,24], dimer phase [4], etc. The ground state (GS) of antiferromagnetic isotropic Heisenberg spin-1/2 zigzag chain has a gapless spectrum in small or strong coupling limit, whereas, it has a gapped spectrum for the moderate value of the ratio of the exchange interactions [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”