Field‐flow fractionation for nanoparticle characterization

Abstract

This review presents field-flow fractionation: The elements of theory enable the link between the retention and the characteristics of the nanometer-sized analytes to be highlighted. In particular, the nature of force and its way of being applied are discussed. Four types of forces which determine four types of techniques were considered: hydrodynamic, sedimentation, thermal, and electrical; this is to show the importance of the choice of technique in relation to the characterization objectives. Then the separation performance is presented and compared with other separation techniques: field-flow fractionation has the greatest intrinsic separation capability. The characterization strategies are presented and discussed; on the one hand with respect to the characteristics needed for the description of nanoparticles; on the other hand in connection with the choice of the nature of the force, and also of the detectors used, online or offline. The discussion is based on a selection of published study examples. Finally, current needs and challenges are addressed, and as response, trends and possible characterization solutions.

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…It is therefore becoming increasingly common for a separation technique to be used to reduce the baseline signal during sNP-ICP-MS measurements and Lespes et al have reviewed the use of FFF for NP characterisation. 243 The review (78 references) covered the theory of FFF, with the objective being to link the retention of nanoscale analytes and the characteristics of these analytes involved in their separation as well as method performance. The coupling of the various detectors used, e.g.…”

“…The production of several new reference materials based on naturally occurring radioactive material was described by Lee et al 196 Zirconium silicate, bauxite and phosphogypsum were characterised using XRF and then measured by nine radioanalytical laboratories, with values assigned for Th and U isotopes in all materials, as well as 226 Ra for phosphogypsum. In another study, Jakopic et al developed an 243 Am spiked CRM for mass spectrometry, with certied values for the 243 Am amount and 241 Am/ 243 Am ratio. 197 Values were conrmed using alpha spectrometry, dened solid angle alpha spectrometry and high resolution gamma spectrometry, with further validation through an inter-laboratory comparison exercise.…”

Solution composition dependent Soret coefficient using commercial MicroScale Thermophoresis instrument

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Most recently, thermodiffusion is gaining interest and has been studied extensively due to its applications. For instance, it is used to separate polymers and particles in eld-ow fractionation, [7][8][9] in combination with microuidics for submicron particle sorting, [10][11][12] and to monitor the protein-ligand binding in the pharmaceutical industry. [13][14][15] A deeper understanding of the thermophoretic dri of colloidal particles could be used to manipulate particle migration, such as trapping DNA and vesicles for their diagnostic potential.…”

High-Resolution Tracking of Multiple Distributions in Metallic Nanostructures: Advanced Analysis Was Carried Out with Novel 3D Correlation Thermal Field-Flow Fractionation

“…Less rigorous and sustainable methodologies are critical for engineering advanced metal–polymer nanostructures with applications in energy storage and electronics; accordingly, it is necessary to combine separation and advanced analytical techniques for reliable characterizations of the inherent molecular heterogeneities. , Metallic nanostructures have multiple applications in energy storage, biosensors, drug delivery, wearable electronics, and robotics, to mention just a few. , However, these metallic nanostructures are inherently complex and heterogeneous, with multiple distributions in their molecular properties . As such, combinations of separation and advanced analytical techniques are prerequisites for the reliable definition, understanding, and fine-tuning of the fundamental nexus between (i) inherent molecular properties, (ii) physicochemical properties and multiple functionalities, and (iii) the pristine end-use applications …”

“…Less rigorous and sustainable methodologies are critical for engineering advanced metal−polymer nanostructures with applications in energy storage and electronics; accordingly, it is necessary to combine separation and advanced analytical techniques for reliable characterizations of the inherent molecular heterogeneities. 1,2 Metallic nanostructures have multiple applications in energy storage, biosensors, drug delivery, wearable electronics, and robotics, to mention just a few. 3,4 However, these metallic nanostructures are inherently complex and heterogeneous, with multiple distributions in their molecular properties.…”