Field-flow fractionation: A gentle separation and characterization technique in biomedicine

Zhang, Xiaoyue; Yue-qiu, LI; Shen, Shigang; Lee, Seungho; Dou, Haiyang

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.005

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…[ 13 ] focused specifically on the use of AF4 for the characterization of several kinds of nanoparticles for drug delivery, in particular liposomes, organic polymers, and virus-like particles. Then, Malik and Pasch [ 14 ] reported the applications to polymer analysis, and Zhang et al [ 15 ] summarized the theoretical principles of several members of the FFF family. Subsequent updates covered different kinds of nanomaterials [ 16 , 17 ] including virus-like particles [ 18 ], and the inherent limitations associated with the membranes used in AF4 have also been reported [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Quattrini

Berrecoso

Crecente‐Campo

et al. 2021

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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The importance of polymeric nanocarriers in the field of drug delivery is ever-increasing, and the accurate characterization of their properties is paramount to understand and predict their behavior. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a fractionation technique that has gained considerable attention for its gentle separation conditions, broad working range, and versatility. AF4 can be hyphenated to a plurality of concentration and size detectors, thus permitting the analysis of the multifunctionality of nanomaterials. Despite this potential, the practical information that can be retrieved by AF4 and its possible applications are still rather unfamiliar to the pharmaceutical scientist. This review was conceived as a primer that clearly states the “do’s and don’ts” about AF4 applied to the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers. Aside from size characterization, AF4 can be beneficial during formulation optimization, for drug loading and drug release determination and for the study of interactions among biomaterials. It will focus mainly on the advances made in the last 5 years, as well as indicating the problematics on the consensus, which have not been reached yet. Methodological recommendations for several case studies will be also included. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Quattrini

Berrecoso

Crecente‐Campo

et al. 2021

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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“…SdFFF is not only limited to analyze size distribution but also useful in various tasks such as the fractionation of proteins (40–300 nm), nucleic acids (<70 nm), polysaccharides assemblies (0.1–1 µm), cells (10–20 µm), and virus-like particles (10–80 nm) [ 123 , 124 ].…”

Section: Size Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the Physical Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Nano-sized drug transporters have become an efficient approach with considerable commercial values. Nanomedicine is not only limited to drug delivery by means of different administration routes, such as intravenous, oral, transdermal, nasal, pulmonary, and more, but also has applications in a multitude of areas, such as a vaccine, antibacterial, diagnostics and imaging, and gene delivery. This review will focus on lipid nanosystems with a wide range of applications, taking into consideration their composition, properties, and physical parameters. However, designing suitable protocol for the physical evaluation of nanoparticles is still conflicting. The main obstacle is concerning the sensitivity, reproducibility, and reliability of the adopted methodology. Some important techniques are compared and discussed in this report. Particularly, a comparison between different techniques involved in (a) the morphologic characterization, such as Cryo-TEM, SEM, and X-ray; (b) the size measurement, such as dynamic light scattering, sedimentation field flow fractionation, and optical microscopy; and (c) surface properties, namely zeta potential measurement, is described. In addition, an amperometric tool in order to investigate antioxidant activity and the response of nanomaterials towards the skin membrane has been presented.

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“…The field-flow fractionation (FFF) separation technique is complementary to the above techniques [ 9 ]. The instrumentally most developed FFF sub-technique is the asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) [ 10 – 13 ] which is used in a wide range of biological applications, including the study of polymers [ 11 , 14 ], colloidal particles [ 15 – 17 ], viruses [ 18 , 19 ], virus-like particles [ 20 , 21 ], and proteins [ 20 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and purification of pentameric chimeric protein particles using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiple detectors

et al. 2021

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Porcine circovirus causes the post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome. Despite the existence of commercial vaccines, the development of more effective and cheaper vaccines is expected. The usage of chimeric antigens allows serological differentiation between naturally infected and vaccinated animals. In this work, recombinant pentameric vaccination protein particles spontaneously assembled from identical subunits-chimeric fusion proteins derived from circovirus capsid antigen Cap and a multimerizing subunit of mouse polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 were purified and characterized using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with UV and MALS/DLS (multi-angle light scattering/dynamic light scattering) detectors. Various elution profiles were tested, including constant cross-flow and decreasing cross-flow (linearly and exponentially). The optimal sample retention, separation efficiency, and resolution were assessed by the comparison of the hydrodynamic radius ( R h ) measured by online DLS with the R h values calculated from the simplified retention equation according to the AF4 theory. The results show that the use of the combined elution profiles (exponential and constant cross-flow rates) reduces the time of the separation, prevents undesirable sample-membrane interaction, and yields better resolution. Besides, the results show no self-associations of the individual pentameric particles into larger clusters and no sample degradation during the AF4 separation. The R g / R h ratios for different fractions are in good correlation with morphological analyses performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally to the online analysis, the individual fractions were subjected to offline analysis, including batch DLS, TEM, and SDS-PAGE, followed by Western blot. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-021-03323-6.

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Field-flow fractionation: A gentle separation and characterization technique in biomedicine

Cited by 48 publications

References 100 publications

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers

Challenges in the Physical Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles

Characterization and purification of pentameric chimeric protein particles using asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiple detectors

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