Field experiment on effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin complex on the immunity and stress of olive flounder at low temperature

Abstract

In this study, a fish metabolic accelerator (a combination of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin [BPC]) was injected into the muscle of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, to investigate its effect on immunity and stress in fish maintained at low temperatures. A single dose of BPC was injected (100 mg/kg body weight) into the olive flounder, and its immunity and stress were observed after one and two weeks. Immunity tests revealed the presence of lysozyme (LZM), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), anti-protease (AP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total immunoglobulin (TIg). BPC injection was found to increase immunity activity compared to the control group. In particular, there was significantly high GPx activity. There was similarly high activity for MPO and GPx in the first week following the injection, followed by significant differences between the BPC-injected and control groups in the second week. There was a reduced low water-temperature stress response in the BPC-injected fish, as evidenced by the cortisol and glucose levels of the control and BPC groups. Lower levels were also observed in the BPC group than the control group during the second week. Cortisol levels were significantly lower in the BPC group than the control group. Histological examinations were conducted in the first and second weeks after the intramuscular injection of the recommended BPC dose to confirm the safety of BPC in aquaculture. There were no abnormalities observed in any tissue samples. This study confirms that the injection of BPC is safe even when used in a culture situation. BPC helps relieve stress and improves non-specific immune responses (innate immunity) in the olive flounder.

Evaluation of feed types based on growth performance, survival, hematology, and resistance in celebes rainbow (Marosantherina ladigesi)

“…The challenge test conducted after fish rearing showed that up to day 7, Tubifex sp-fed fish had the highest resistance to A. hydrophila infection compared to the other treatments. The high resistance of fish treated with Tubifex sp is in line with the high hematology of fish, namely total leukocytes and phagocytosis activity (Kim et al, 2021a(Kim et al, , 2021b Table 3) and also many mononuclear immune cells and goblet cells in the intestine (Table 4) which play a role in increasing the immune response. This is especially true in fish-fed S. platensis and dry Tubifex sp, where the activity of pagosity, total leukocytes, mononuclear immune cells, and goblet cells in the intestine is lower, making them more susceptible to attack by pathogenic bacteria.…”