Field examination of ground water quality as an indicator of microbiological activity at gasoline contaminated sites

Norkus, Rebecca Guisto; Maurer, J.C.; Schultz, Nancy A.; Stuart, James D.; Robbins, Gary A.; Bristol, Robert D.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00207-x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Drugstores like Walgreens and CVS have already started entering the market with their Healthcare Clinics and MinuteClinics, respectively. POCT also has significant potential outside the realm of human health diagnostics, including fields such as food security, food processing safety, water quality monitoring, animal diagnostics, and pathogen detection [2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone spectroscopy: three unique modalities for point-of-care testing

Long

Cunningham

2015

Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VIII

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Here we demonstrate three principle modalities for a smartphone-based spectrometer: absorption, fluorescence, and photonic crystal (PC)-based label-free detection. When combined with some simple optical components, the rear-facing CMOS camera in a mobile device can provide spectrometric data that rivals that of laboratory instruments, but at a fraction of the cost. The use of a smartphone-based platform poses significant advantages based upon the rise of smartphone apps, which allow for user-interface and data-processing algorithms to be packaged and distributed within environments that are externally maintained with potential for integration with services such as cloud storage, GIStagging, and remote expert analysis.We demonstrate the absorption modality of our device by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on both a cancer biomarker and a peanut allergen, demonstrating clinically relevant limits of detection (LOD). Second, we demonstrate the success of a molecular beacon (MB)-based assay on the smartphone platform, achieving an LOD of 1.3 pM for a specific RNA sequence, less than that of a commercial benchtop instrument. Finally, we use a PC biosensor to perform label-free detection of a representative biological interaction: Protein A and human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the nanomolar regime.Our work represents the first demonstration of smartphone-based spectroscopy for biological assays, and the first mobile-device-enabled detection instrument that serves to measure three distinct sensing modalities (label-free biosensing, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy). The smartphone platform has the potential to expand the use of spectrometric analysis to environments assay from the laboratory, which may include rural or remote locations, low-resource settings, and consumer markets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone spectroscopy: three unique modalities for point-of-care testing

Long

Cunningham

2015

Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VIII

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“…Recent developments in POCT have been widely demonstrated across multiple clinical fields and in certain cases such as diabetes testing, have quickly moved into the realm of every-day life. POCT is expected to extend to important applications beyond human health diagnostics, including food safety, food processing quality control, water quality monitoring, animal diagnostics, and pathogen detection [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone instrument for portable enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays

Long

Cunningham³

2014

Biomed. Opt. Express

120

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We demonstrate the utilization of a smartphone camera as a spectrometer that is capable of measuring Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) at biologically-relevant concentrations with the aid of a custom cradle that aligns a diffraction grating and a collimating lens between a light source and the imaging sensor. Two example biomarkers are assayed using conventional ELISA protocols: IL-6, a protein used diagnostically for several types of cancer, and Ara h 1, one of the principle peanut allergens. In addition to the demonstration of limits of detection at medically-relevant concentrations, a screening of various cookies was completed to measure levels of peanut cross-contamination in local bakeries. The results demonstrate the utility of the instrument for quantitatively performing broad classes of homogeneous colorimetric assays, in which the endpoint readout is the color change of a liquid sample.

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