Field Evaluation of Synthetic Polymer Rubber Gel through Filler Content and Oil Leakage Mass Measurement

Park, Jin-Sang; Kim, Dong-bum; Oh, Kyoung-Hee; Oh, Sung-Tag

doi:10.3390/app8060896

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The deterioration effects due to excessive screw mixing on the waterproofing performance can reduce the lifetime of SPRG waterproofing systems. This is evidenced mostly by the results of water or SPRG supernatant (oil and minimal filler content) leakage in the concrete structure [12].…”

Section: -Ply or 2-ply Composite Sheet Membrane Application For Watementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When SPRG is screw mixed for too long, however, the emulsifier is dispersed more thoroughly. In this state, a larger amount of emulsifier leaves the emulsion through the supernatant, mostly comprising process oil and a minimal amount of filler ash content [12]. Supernatants have a higher flow velocity with very low When set to rest after the screw-mixing process, emulsion breaking and sediment layer hardening can occur more easily.…”

Section: Physical Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supernatants have a higher flow velocity with very low When set to rest after the screw-mixing process, emulsion breaking and sediment layer hardening can occur more easily. Under normal circumstances, bitumen globules form larger particles when the small aggregate particles coalesce with the emulsifier and the binders, making the emulsion structure stable for a predetermined period [12]. When SPRG is screw mixed for too long, however, the emulsifier is dispersed more thoroughly.…”

Section: Physical Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supernatants have a higher flow velocity with very low viscosity, and are more easily able to flow through concrete cracks and leaks into the concrete interior. With a higher concentration of solvent chemicals that were not able to bind to the aggregates, this type of supernatant leakage can cause economic and environmental hazards [12]. Figure 5 below provides an illustration of this process.…”

Section: Physical Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Hydrostatic pressure resistance performance While the impermeability properties of the SPRG membrane may be relatively unchanged from screw mixing, it has been documented from case studies that the supernatant can be 'pushed' out through concrete cracks due to hydrostatic pressure [12]. The installed waterproofing membrane can also be physically displaced from the high hydrostatic pressure, creating leakage paths between the adhesion interface for water migration.…”

Section: Effects On Waterproofing Performance and Requirements Of Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscosity and Waterproofing Performance Evaluation of Synthetic Polymerized Rubber Gel (SPRG) after Screw Mixing

Ahn

Park

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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As opposed to asphalt emulsion waterproofing membrane, Synthetic Rubber Polymer Gel (SPRG) waterproofing materials are not heated prior to installation in concrete structures. SPRG materials are typically required to undergo a screw-mixing process to temporarily reduce the high viscosity and facilitate membrane installation on a concrete surface. However, there is no standard regulation on the duration of screw-mixing time during SPRG construction. Reported construction cases indicate that SPRG are left under constant screw mixing and are reused after hours or days of rest without being replaced with fresh products. When installed in this condition, SPRGs are subject to waterproofing performance degradation. In this study, SPRG viscosity properties are measured after five different screw-mixing procedures (no screw mixing, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min) and are set to rest in storage (2 h, 1, 2, 3, and 7 days). Specimens prepared under the respective screw mixing and storage times are evaluated for their changes in waterproofing properties through a series of ISO TS 16774 standard evaluation methods. A correlative comparison of the property evaluation results is presented to provide the changes to SPRG property and waterproofing performance. These results are then used to propose a general guideline for selecting optimal screw-mixing time with respect to maintaining adequate waterproofing performance and the viscosity recovery property of SPRG.

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Section: -Ply or 2-ply Composite Sheet Membrane Application For Watementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Waterproofing Performance and Requirements Of Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Viscosity and Waterproofing Performance Evaluation of Synthetic Polymerized Rubber Gel (SPRG) after Screw Mixing

Ahn

Park

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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A gel system with long‐term high‐temperature stability for deep profile modification of high‐temperature oil and gas reservoirs

Tian,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Profile modification is the key for efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs, especially high‐temperature reservoirs, which requires the system to have good high‐temperature resistance. According to the characteristics of high‐temperature reservoir, a high temperature gel composed of terpolymer, modified phenolic resin, aromatic amine curing agent and thiourea was developed. The effects of different components on the properties of the gel system were clarified. Then, the long‐term thermal stability under high‐temperature conditions was studied. In addition, the plugging performance of gel system under different permeability and injection volume was studied. Finally, the gelation properties and plugging properties of gel system with the flow distance were studied by simulating the flow of porous media. The results show that the gel system has high strength and suitable gelation time, and it can be adjusted in real time according to different oilfield requirements. In the range of 75–150°C, the gel system had excellent long‐term stability. When the temperature was 75°C, no free water after 120 days, and the viscosity only decreased from 13,131 to 11,254 mPa·s. Even at 150°C, the viscosity was as high as 8350 mPa·s after 120 days, and the free water was only 5.5%. The gel system had good adhesion ability on the porous media surface and strong anti‐flooding properties. When the injection volume was 0.1 pore volume (PV in short), the plugging rate to the sand packed tube was 72.7%. When the injection volume was 0.5 PV, the plugging rate was as high as 97.6%. The plugging rate of the gel system for the sand packed tube with permeability of 500 mD was 98.7% when the injection volume was 0.5 PV. When the permeability increased to 3000 mD, the plugging rate still reached 92.3%. The gel system also had an excellent deep profile control ability, and the viscosity retention of at 60 cm was as high as 96%. When the flow distance was 2 m, the viscosity retention also reached 75%. The rheological properties also shown that the gel system had excellent shearing resistance and adsorption resistance. Finally, combined with the state of the gel system on the surface of the porous media, there was no cementation between the formation sand before the injection, and the sand particles did not stick to each other. After the gel was injected, the adhesion of gel system on the porous media surface was very strong. The 3D network structure was also very dense, the sand particles could have good cementation effect under the adhesion of gel system.

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Laboratory Investigation of Using Calcium Lignosulfonate as an Oxidation Inhibitor in Bitumen

Fatemi

Bazaz

Ziaee

2022

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Asphalt mixtures are the major constituent of road constructions. Those mixtures expose to high-temperature levels during the construction process and their life cycle. The bitumen aging occurred because of the harmful effects of elevated temperatures upon the asphalt mixtures, which leads to oxidation, evaporation, and physical hardening within the bitumen structure. The aging phenomenon can intensify the hardness and brittleness of bitumen, which negatively affects the performance of asphalt mixtures. Researchers have investigated different types of bitumen additives to diminish the negative effects of bitumen aging, among which biomass additives are more attractive for researchers because that additives are organic and mainly emanate from waste materials. The current study investigated the effect of calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) at four quantities (i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by the weight of base bitumen) as an antiaging bitumen additive on physical, workability, thermal susceptibility, rheological, and chemical properties of 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. The results revealed that although the addition of CLS into the bitumen enhanced the rigidity of bitumen against rutting failure at high-temperature conditions, the CLS-modified bitumen was more susceptible to fatigue failure than the virgin bitumen at low-temperature regions. The workability analysis showed that the CLS powder could improve the bitumen’s consistency against permanent deformation at high-temperature levels. Although the bitumen’s viscosity increased because of CLS modification, the CLS-modified bitumen provided acceptable workability based on the Superpave specifications. Outcomes from the rheological test revealed that the addition of CLS into the bitumen improved the rutting resistance of bituminous mixtures at high-temperature levels. The SARA analysis indicated that the hardening of CLS-modified samples emanated from the formation of asphaltenes within the bitumen because of CLS incorporation. Different types of aging indices, including PRP, SPI, VAI, and AIRF, which were calculated in this research, showed that the presence of CLS within the bitumen could retard the bitumen’s aging process.

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Field Evaluation of Synthetic Polymer Rubber Gel through Filler Content and Oil Leakage Mass Measurement

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Viscosity and Waterproofing Performance Evaluation of Synthetic Polymerized Rubber Gel (SPRG) after Screw Mixing

Viscosity and Waterproofing Performance Evaluation of Synthetic Polymerized Rubber Gel (SPRG) after Screw Mixing

A gel system with long‐term high‐temperature stability for deep profile modification of high‐temperature oil and gas reservoirs

Laboratory Investigation of Using Calcium Lignosulfonate as an Oxidation Inhibitor in Bitumen

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