Field Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Fog and Ultra-Low Volume Applications For Control of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> in Thailand

Ponlawat, Alongkot; Harwood, James F.; Putnam, John L.; Nitatsukprasert, Chanyapat; Pongsiri, Arissara; Kijchalao, Udom; Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Kline, Daniel L.; Clark, Gary G.; Obenauer, P. J.; Doud, Carl W.; McCardle, Patrick W.; Richardson, Alec G.; Szumlas, Daniel E.; Richardson, Jason H.

doi:10.2987/16-6594.1

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Because individuals predominately (82%) rest within 1.5 m of the floor, and not necessarily on walls, IRS is not a suitable option for their control (Esu et al 2010, Manzanilla et al 2017). However, indoor ULV sprays have shown promise (Mani et al 2005, Harwood et al 2014, Ponlawat et al 2017) but are neither logistically suitable nor scalable for larger areas. With the adjustment of nozzle orientation and travel speed of truck-mounted ULV sprayers, complete mortality of caged female Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study on indoor application of ULD BP-300 and 9M Plus2 (deltamethrin) indicated that mortality of caged mosquitoes in the middle of a room ranged from 59% to 100% and 94% to 100% from thermal fog and ULV, respectively (Ponlawat et al 2017). Moreover, the mortality in cryptic areas (inside closed paper bags) ranged from 3% to 46% and 6% to 72% from thermal fog and ULV, respectively (Ponlawat et al 2017). Such applications, even with their promising efficacy, are limited in their utility to isolated homes and smaller communities due to time and personnel requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Outdoor Ultra-Low–Volume Aerosol and Thermal Fog to Suppress the Dengue Vector,Aedes aegypti, Inside Dwellings

Farooq¹,

Cilek²,

Sumners³

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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A field study investigated penetration of outdoor ground ultra-low–volume (ULV) aerosol and thermal fog adulticide applications into a dwelling to control the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (L). Four applications of Kontrol 4-4 (4.6% permethrin active ingredient [AI], 4.6% piperonyl butoxide) at the maximum label rate were made at 25–30 m in front of a house at Camp Blanding Joint Training Center, Starke, FL, during summer 2016. The ULV sprayer and thermal fogger nozzles were oriented horizontally, and vehicle travel speeds were 16 and 24 km/h, respectively. All doors and windows of the house were left open. Spray efficacy was assessed using caged female mosquitoes positioned 30 cm above ground, outside and inside of the house. Interior cages were placed in open areas and cryptic sites (i.e., in a closet or cardboard box). A spinner holding 2 rods sized 3 mm × 75 mm was deployed next to each cage (except cryptic sites) to sample droplets and to quantify AI deposition. Thirty minutes after application, cages were removed, slides collected, and mosquitoes transferred to clean cages in the laboratory where mortality was assessed at 24 h posttreatment. The ULV application to the south side of the house produced 100% mortality in outdoor and indoor cages and 24% mortality at cryptic sites. Similarly applied thermal fog resulted in 85% mortality outdoors, 34% indoors, and only 4% in cages at cryptic sites. Application of either method from the west resulted in 19–61% mortality outdoors and 0.5–6.5% indoors. Droplet volume median diameter (Dv0.5) on rods from the ULV application was significantly larger compared with the thermal fogger outdoors, but similar indoors. Outdoors and indoors, the AI deposition from ULV was significantly higher than from thermal fog. Our results show the potential for controlling dengue vectors inside houses with outdoor ground ULV applications in areas where doors and windows are left open for ventilation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Outdoor Ultra-Low–Volume Aerosol and Thermal Fog to Suppress the Dengue Vector,Aedes aegypti, Inside Dwellings

Farooq¹,

Cilek²,

Sumners³

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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“…In field trials in an earlier related study, even hand-fogging inside closed structures in Thailand did not provide100% control of sentinel adult Ae . aegypti placed in simulated refugia [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerial ULV control of Aedes aegypti with naled (Dibrom) inside simulated rural village and urban cryptic habitats

et al. 2018

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We conducted aerial fixed wing ultra low volume (ULV) spray trials with naled to investigate penetration of exposed and simulated cryptic habitat within opened buildings, partially sealed buildings, and outdoor locations targeting sentinel adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in north central Florida. Mortality was observed in open and closed buildings and outdoors, even in mosquitoes placed in cryptic habitats. Observations on the impact of building type, mosquito exposure method such as placement in cryptic habitat, and spray nozzle size on mosquito mortality are described and analyzed.

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“…• Use of PPF ultra low volume, thermal fogging, and fumigant technologies (15 studies) [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80];…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, studies in Thailand and the USA have shown that multiple spraying machines using combinations of insecticides including PPF were unable to achieve high mortality among Aedes mosquitoes placed in hidden (protected) cages, and that the ULV sprays provided better emergence inhibition than the thermal foggers likely due to larger droplet size [70][71][72].…”

Section: Use Of Ppf Ultra-low Volume Spray Thermal Fogging and Fumimentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of pyriproxyfen in control of Aedes mosquitoes: A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background Dengue is the most rapidly spreading arboviral disease in the world. The current lack of fully protective vaccines and clinical therapeutics creates an urgent need to identify more effective means of controlling Aedes mosquitos, principally Aedes aegypti, as the main vector of dengue. Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is an increasingly used hormone analogue that prevents juvenile Aedes mosquitoes from becoming adults and being incapable of transmitting dengue. The objectives of the review were to (1) Determine the effect of PPF on endpoints including percentage inhibition of emergence to adulthood, larval mortality, and resistance ratios; and (2) Determine the different uses, strengths, and limitations of PPF in control of Aedes. A systematic search was applied to Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, Global Health, and the Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews. Out of 1,369 records, 90 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nearly all fit in one of the following four categories 1) Efficacy of granules, 2) Auto-dissemination/horizontal transfer, 3) use of ultra-low volume thermal fogging (ULV), thermal fogging (TF), or fumigant technologies, and 4) assessing mosquito resistance. PPF granules had consistently efficacious results of 90-100% inhibition of emergence for up to 90 days. The evidence is less robust but promising regarding PPF dust for auto-dissemination and the use of PPF in ULV, TF and fumigants. Several studies also found that while mosquito populations were still susceptible to PPF, the lethal concentrations increased among temephos-resistant mosquitoes compared to reference strains. The evidence is strong that PPF does increase immature mortality and adult inhibition in settings represented in the included studies, however future research should focus on areas where there is less evidence (e.g. auto-dissemination, sprays) and new use cases for PPF. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms of cross-resistance between PPF, temephos, and other insecticides will allow control programs to make better informed decisions.

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Field Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Fog and Ultra-Low Volume Applications For Control of Aedes aegypti in Thailand

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Potential of Outdoor Ultra-Low–Volume Aerosol and Thermal Fog to Suppress the Dengue Vector,Aedes aegypti, Inside Dwellings

Potential of Outdoor Ultra-Low–Volume Aerosol and Thermal Fog to Suppress the Dengue Vector,Aedes aegypti, Inside Dwellings

Aerial ULV control of Aedes aegypti with naled (Dibrom) inside simulated rural village and urban cryptic habitats

Use of pyriproxyfen in control of Aedes mosquitoes: A systematic review

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