Field Evaluation of Diflubenzuron and Carbaryl Bran Baits Against Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Populations in South Dakota

A literature review and new observations on the use of diflubenzuron for control of locusts and grasshoppers throughout the world

“…Early fi eld trials with difl ubenzuron showed control of rangeland grasshoppers using bait and foliar sprays (Romijn & Sissoko 1990, Foster et al 1991, Catangui et al 1993a, Jech et al 1993. Barrier applications, where difl ubenzuron or other benzoyl ureas were applied to swaths several meters wide in front of migratory bands of locust nymphs, also effectively controlled locusts (Scherer & Rakotonandrasana 1993, Bouaichi et al 1994b, Cooper et al 1995.…”

The North Dakota Grasshopper Integrated Pest Management Demonstration Project /

“…The moderate levels of control from the insecticidal baits were similar to mortalities reported in other studies with carbaryl-bran baits. For example, researchers have reported 36 percent mortality (Jech et al 1993) and 47 percent mortality (Quinn et al 1989) after treatment with 2-5 percent (Al) carbaryl-bran bait at 1.1-1.5 kg/ha (1.0-1.3 lb/acre), 47 percent mortality after treat¬ ment with 6.7-percent (Al) carbaryl-bran bait at 3 kg/ha (2.7 lb/acre) (Mukerji and Ewen 1984), and 65-67 per-cent mortality after treatment with 2-percent (AI) carbaryl-bran bait at 1.68-2 kg/ha (1.5-1.8 Ib/acre) (Onsager et al 1980a,b;Johnson and Henry 1987). In a review of the efficacy of insecticidal baits, Ewen (1990) reported that several insecticides formulated as baits (i.e., dimethoate, fenitrothion, carbofuran, cloethocarb, and possibly carbaryl and malathion) were as effective as sprays in reducing grasshopper populations below economic injury levels.…”

“…They found that only 4.7 percent of treated acreage was retreated the following year. Jech et al (1993) studied the second-year effects of diflubenzuronand carbaryl-bran baits on grasshoppers in South Dakota. They found that treatments did not have a sig¬ nificant effect on total populations of grasshoppers but did suppress populations of A. deorum and P. quadrimaculatum during the year after treatment.…”

“…Other reasons for the lack of long-term control as report¬ ed in some studies include (1) reinvasion of the treated area by grasshoppers outside of the treated area, (2) high fecundity and survival of some grasshopper species caused by favorable weather conditions, (3) the occur¬ rence of 2-year life cycles in species occurring at high altitudes, (4) extended hatching periods beyond the con¬ trol date, (5) the presence of late-hatching species, (6) the failure to treat the entire area of infestation, and (7) the use of insecticidal baits or other methods that do not produce high levels of mortality. The final reason just cited may explain why Jech et al (1993) and Quinn et al (1989) did not find second-year suppression of grasshoppers in areas treated with insecticidal baits.…”

Effects of Carbaryl-Bran Bait on Trap Catch and Seed Predation by Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

“…Baits have been used for the control of grasshoppers and locusts for many years (Shotwell 1942, Latchininsky andVanDyke 2006). In contemporary formulations, these baits typically consist of wheat bran combined with an insecticide, usually carbaryl or dißubenzuron (Mukerji et al 1981, Jech et al 1993. Baits have proven to be effective in reducing grasshopper populations while minimizing the amount of active ingredient applied.…”