Field Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Baits for Sampling Ornithodoros turicata (Acari: Argasidae) in Gopher Tortoise Burrows

Adeyeye, Olusola A.; Butler, Jerry F.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/28.1.45

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Larval I. hirsti have only been recorded on passerines in South Australia (Kleindorfer et al 2006;Oorebeek and Kleindorfer 2008a). Field studies have shown that many tick species are attracted to a CO 2 source at a distance of 4 m (Wilson et al 1972;Koch 1987;Adeyeye and Butler 1991;Solberg et al 1992). However, many of these studies have been performed using mammalian ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What attracts larval Ixodes hirsti (Acari: Ixodidae) to their host?

2008

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Ticks are extremely susceptible to desiccation when not on a host. Even though Ixodid ticks are capable of surviving extreme conditions, it is in the best interest of the tick to locate a host quickly. The aim of this study was to determine the host stimuli used by larval Ixodes hirsti for location of their passerine host. Additionally, we recorded the average questing height of larval ticks. We found that I. hirsti larvae were attracted to shade and heat, while they were unresponsive to host odor and CO2. The average questing height was 12.4 cm. Sensitivity to both shade and heat will aid larval I. hirsti in their ambush strategy to find a host. Preference for shaded environments and a low questing height favors the occurrence of larvae in high humidity environments. Such moist environments indirectly increase lifespan duration because of reduced movement for water sorption, and increase tick questing which is limited by vertical mobility. Additionally, larval ticks with a low questing height have a higher chance of encountering a ground foraging passerine host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What attracts larval Ixodes hirsti (Acari: Ixodidae) to their host?

2008

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“…There is the possibility that ticks attach only after a bat has fallen dead to the ground. However, it is well established that ticks are attracted to living animals by CO 2 [67]. Also, over the study period a minimum of two people were spending 1–2 hours every day for four months every year in the tick affected camps and never picked up one tick.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tick Paralysis in Spectacled Flying-Foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) in North Queensland, Australia: Impact of a Ground-Dwelling Ectoparasite Finding an Arboreal Host

Buettner

Westcott

Maclean³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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When a parasite finds a new wildlife host, impacts can be significant. In the late 1980s populations of Spectacled Flying-foxes (SFF) (Pteropus conspicillatus), a species confined, in Australia, to north Queensland became infected by paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus), resulting in mortality. This Pteropus-tick relationship was new to Australia. Curiously, the relationship was confined to several camps on the Atherton Tableland, north Queensland. It was hypothesised that an introduced plant, wild tobacco (Solanum mauritianum), had facilitated this new host-tick interaction. This study quantifies the impact of tick paralysis on SFF and investigates the relationship with climate. Retrospective analysis was carried out on records from the Tolga Bat Hospital for 1998–2010. Juvenile mortality rates were correlated to climate data using vector auto-regression. Mortality rates due to tick paralysis ranged between 11.6 per 10,000 bats in 2003 and 102.5 in 2009; more female than male adult bats were affected. Juvenile mortality rates were negatively correlated with the total rainfall in January to March and July to September of the same year while a positive correlation of these quarterly total rainfalls existed with the total population. All tick affected camps of SFF were located in the 80% core range of S. mauritianum. This initial analysis justifies further exploration of how an exotic plant might alter the relationship between a formerly ground-dwelling parasite and an arboreal host.

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“…In north-central Florida, most ticks inhabit the upper strata of burrows during the warm, humid months. In a later study, Adeyeye and Butler (1991) found that the efficacy of carbon dioxide baits as tick attractants was completely lost at night whenever the ambient temperature fell below 9°C. During the day, ticks were not attracted to carbon dioxide baits whenever the RH fell below 60%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…That O. turicata mated but failed to oviposit at 22°C/90% RH and 22°C/95% RH revealed the possibility of an adaptation which delays oviposition when the ambient conditions are not suitable for the survival of eggs or larvae. Adeyeye and Butler (1991) reported that O. turicata are not attracted to carbon dioxide and animal baits whenever the ambient temperature and RH fell below 10°C and 50%, respectively. The non-attraction to potential hosts below this temperature and humidity might be an indication of the threshold below which ticks would not mate.…”

Section: Influence Of the Temperature And Humidity On Mating And Ovipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive bionomics of the soft tick, Ornithodoros turicata (Acari: Argasidae)

Phillips

Adeyeye

1996

Exp Appl Acarol

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The effects of different temperatures and relative humidities (RHs) were tested on various reproductive parameters of Ornithodoros turicata, an argasid tick that inhabits gopher tortoise burrows in Florida, USA. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and incubation periods of the ticks decreased as temperature increased. These periods were also affected by the RH. The number of eggs oviposited was affected significantly by the combined effect of temperature and RH. Fewer eggs were laid by ticks in the 24 degrees C regimes and the 27 degrees C/95% RH regime compared to those in the other temperature/RH groups. There was an inverse relationship between the number of eggs oviposited and the percentage of hatched larvae that was correlated with the temperature and RH. Ticks reared at 27 degrees C/90% RH and 30 degrees C/90% RH laid more eggs than those reared in the other combinations of temperature and humidity but fewer larvae hatched from these eggs. The reproductive fitness index (RFI) values were highest in females held in the 24 degrees C groups and the 30 degrees C/95% RH group, although significantly more larvae hatched at the lower temperatures. The optimum reproductive conditions for O. turicata under laboratory conditions appear to be 24 degrees C and 90-95% RH. While mating occurred at all temperatures, none of the females laid eggs at 22 degrees C. The ticks may move preferentially to low temperatures when not feeding to remain above the critical equilibrium humidity and/or below the critical metabolic level necessary for prolonged survival. However, most female ticks oviposited after 45 days when moved to 27 degrees C/95% RH. Ornithodoros turicata females may have a limited capability to delay oviposition until an optimal microenvironment for egg deposition can be located in the burrow.

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Field Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Baits for Sampling Ornithodoros turicata (Acari: Argasidae) in Gopher Tortoise Burrows

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

What attracts larval Ixodes hirsti (Acari: Ixodidae) to their host?

What attracts larval Ixodes hirsti (Acari: Ixodidae) to their host?

Tick Paralysis in Spectacled Flying-Foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) in North Queensland, Australia: Impact of a Ground-Dwelling Ectoparasite Finding an Arboreal Host

Reproductive bionomics of the soft tick, Ornithodoros turicata (Acari: Argasidae)

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