Field evaluation of a granular activated carbon fluid‐bed bioreactor for treatment of chlorobenzene in groundwater

Klečka, Gary M.; McDaniel, S. G.; Wilson, Praveen; Carpenter, C.L.; Clark, John; Thomas, A.O.; Spain, Jim C.

doi:10.1002/ep.670150212

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Several research groups have explored the use of aerobic bioreactors to treat groundwater contaminated with lower chlorinated Biodegradation (2008) 19:463-480 465 benzenes (Nishino et al 1994;Feidieker et al 1995;Klecka et al 1996;Alfreider et al 2002;Lapertot et al 2006). At one chlorinated solvents-contaminated site, two 135-l fixed-film pilot-scale bioreactors were operated to degrade CB present in the groundwater.…”

Section: Biodegradation In Engineered Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar laboratory reactor was established and it confirmed the results of the pilot-study with hydraulic residence times as low as 30 min. A field-scale fluidized bed reactor (V = 0.8 m 3 ) supplied with granular activated carbon (GAC) as biofilm support was evaluated for the removal of CB in groundwater (Klecka et al 1996).…”

Section: Biodegradation In Engineered Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial degradation of chlorinated benzenes

2007

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Chlorinated benzenes are important industrial intermediates and solvents. Their widespread use has resulted in broad distribution of these compounds in the environment. Chlorobenzenes (CBs) are subject to both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Under aerobic conditions, CBs with four or less chlorine groups are susceptible to oxidation by aerobic bacteria, including bacteria (Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, etc.) that grow on such compounds as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sound evidence for the mineralization of CBs has been provided based on stoichiometric release of chloride or mineralization of (14)C-labeled CBs to (14)CO(2). The degradative attack of CBs by these strains is initiated with dioxygenases eventually yielding chlorocatechols as intermediates in a pathway leading to CO(2) and chloride. Higher CBs are readily reductively dehalogenated to lower chlorinated benzenes in anaerobic environments. Halorespiring bacteria from the genus Dehalococcoides are implicated in this conversion. Lower chlorinated benzenes are less readily converted, and mono-chlorinated benzene is recalcitrant to biotransformation under anaerobic conditions.

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Section: Biodegradation In Engineered Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodegradation In Engineered Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial degradation of chlorinated benzenes

2007

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“…Due to its rough surface and highly porous structure, granular activated carbon (GAC) is a good attachment surface for biofilm development as well as an effective adsorption matrix for different compounds, also serving as a buffer against shock loads of toxic compounds (Abu-Salah et al 1996;Khodadoust et al 1997;Carvalho et al 2001;Moteleb et al 2002). Immobilized bacterial GAC reactors have been efficiently used for the treatment of several aromatic compounds (Feakin et al 1995;Shi et al 1995;Klecka et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an up-flow fixed bed reactor established for the biodegradation of fluorobenzene

Carvalho

Jorge

Pacheco

et al. 2006

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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An up-flow fixed bed reactor (UFBR) was established to investigate the biodegradation of fluorobenzene (FB) under a number of operating conditions, which included variation in the concentration of FB in the feed stream (up to 180 mg l(-1)) and temporary suspension of feeding. Degradation of FB was followed for a period of 8 months under a continuous flow regime. During the operation of the UFBR, FB was never detected in the reactor effluent, being biodegraded by the microbial biofilm or adsorbed to the granular activated carbon (GAC). Biodegradation of FB was observed from the beginning of the reactor operation, and overall, it accounted for 50% of the total amount fed to the bioreactor. High organic loads of FB (210-260 mg d(-1) dm(-3)) were found to affect the biological removal efficiency, possibly due to an inhibitory effect caused by the higher FB concentrations fed to the bioreactor (149-179 mg l(-1)). When FB feeding was suspended for 1 month, biodegradation continued, indicating that the adsorbed FB became bioavailable. Biofilm bacterial dynamics were followed throughout the UFBR operation by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and plate-counting techniques, showing that a quite stable community was found in the bioreactor, and this was mainly attributed to the high selective pressure exerted by the presence of FB.

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“…In a field test of removal of chlorobenzene by a granular activated carbon fluidized-bed reactor, removal efficiencies exceeding 99.99% were observed at loading rates between 2.72 and 4.54 kg (6 and 10 Ib) total oxygen demand per 0.708 m 3 / d (25 cu ftld) (Klecka et at., 1996). Influent chlorobenzene concentrations ranged from 100 to 170 ppm.…”

Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%