Field enhancement of a 12.5-T magnet using holmium poles

Hoard, R. W.; Mance, S. C.; Leber, R. L.; Dalder, E.N.C.; Chaplin, M.R.; Blair, K.; Nelson, D.H.; Dyke, D. Van

doi:10.1109/tmag.1985.1063692

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…So even taking into account a smaller atomic density, due to the large atomic radii of these 4f-based magnetic metals (compared to BCC-or FCC-ordered TMs), they exceed the saturation magnetisation of FeCo-based alloys at cryogenic temperatures. For cryogenic applications they clearly hold the lead, such as for pole pieces made from Ho 328 or Dy. 329 Fig.…”

Section: Pure Heavy Re Metals: Ho Dy Tb and Gdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications

et al. 2016

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The creation of large magnetic fields is a necessary component in many technologies, ranging from magnetic resonance imaging, electric motors and generators, and magnetic hard disk drives in information storage. This is typically done by inserting a ferromagnetic pole piece with a large magnetisation density M S in a solenoid. In addition to large M S , it is usually required or desired that the ferromagnet is magnetically soft and has a Curie temperature well above the operating temperature of the device. A variety of ferromagnetic materials are currently in use, ranging from FeCo alloys in, for example, hard disk drives, to rare earth metals operating at cryogenic temperatures in superconducting solenoids. These latter can exceed the limit on M S for transition metal alloys given by the Slater-Pauling curve. This article reviews different materials and concepts in use or proposed for technological applications that require a large M S , with an emphasis on nanoscale material systems, such as thin and ultra-thin films. Attention is also paid to other requirements or properties, such as the Curie temperature and magnetic softness. In a final summary, we evaluate the actual applicability of the discussed materials for use as pole tips in electromagnets, in particular, in nanoscale magnetic hard disk drive read-write heads; the technological advancement of the latter has been a very strong driving force in the development of the field of nanomagnetism.

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Section: Pure Heavy Re Metals: Ho Dy Tb and Gdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications

et al. 2016

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“…Holmium has one of the highest known magnetic moments. It has been used to create the strongest artificially generated magnetic fields when placed within high-strength magnets as a magnetic pole piece or magnetic flux concentrator [99,100]. It can also be used as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors.…”

Section: Holmium-erbium-thulium-ytterbiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earths and the Balance Problem: How to Deal with Changing Markets?

Binnemans

Jones

Müller

et al. 2018

J. Sustain. Metall.

229

136

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The balance between the market demand and the natural abundance of the rare-earth elements (REEs) in ores, often referred to as the Balance Problem (or the Balancing Problem), is a major issue for REE suppliers. The ideal situation is a perfect match between the market demand for and the production of REEs, so that there are no surpluses of any of the REEs. This means that the rare-earth industry must find new uses for REEs that are available in excess and search for substitutes for REEs that have either limited availability or are high in demand. We present an overview of the trends in the applications for the different REEs and show that the demand for REEs for use in magnets, catalysts, and alloys is still increasing, while the application of REEs in polishing agents, glass, and ceramics are stable. On the other hand, the use of REEs in nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) batteries and lamp phosphors is decreasing. These changes in the REE market have an influence on the Balance Problem, because the REEs that can be recycled from fluorescent lamps, cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), and NiMH batteries have to be at least partly reused in other applications. Magnesium and aluminum alloys offer an opportunity to mitigate the Balance Problem caused by these changes in the REE market. This is illustrated for REEs that can be recycled from fluorescent-lamp phosphor waste, CRT phosphors, and NiMH batteries. At present, five REEs (Nd, Eu, Tb, Dy, and Y) are being considered as very critical by Europe, the United States, and Japan, but we forecast that in the medium term, only neodymium will remain a critical REE. This paper discusses the relationship between criticality and the Balance Problem and shows how this relationship influences the market for specific REEs.

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“…Gadolinium-III-chlorid ist eine farblose, hygroskopische, wasserlösliche Verbindung. (Jiles 1998;Hoard et al 1985). In Steuerstäben von Brutreaktoren ist es als Absorber für thermische Neutronen prinzipiell ein-setzbar, jedoch sind Gadolinium und Dysprosium hier leistungsfähiger und auch wirtschaftlicher.…”

Section: Vorkommenunclassified

Seltenerdmetalle: Lanthanoide und dritte Nebengruppe

Sicius¹

2015

Essentials

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Field enhancement of a 12.5-T magnet using holmium poles

Abstract: This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the understanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author.

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications

A review of high magnetic moment thin films for microscale and nanotechnology applications

Rare Earths and the Balance Problem: How to Deal with Changing Markets?

Seltenerdmetalle: Lanthanoide und dritte Nebengruppe

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