Field Emission Properties of Polymer Graphite Tips Prepared by Membrane Electrochemical Etching

Knápek, Alexandr; Dallaev, Rashid; Burda, D; Sobola, Dinara; Allaham, Mohammad M.; Horáček, Miroslav; Kaspar, Pavel; Matějka, Milan; Mousa, Marwan S.

doi:10.3390/nano10071294

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Then, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out (XPS) AXIS SupraTM (Kratos Analytical Ltd, Manchester, UK), emission current: 15 mA, charge neutralizer: filament current 0.45 A, filament bias: 1.05 V, charge balance 4.6 V. For investigation of magnetic properties, the vibration magnetometer (Cryo-gen-Free High Field Measurement System from Cryogenic Limited, London, United Kingdom) was used. Scanning of the surface of the samples was carried out by the methods described in the works [37,38].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiferroic/Polymer Flexible Structures Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition

et al. 2022

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The paper considers how a film of bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO) is formed on a polymeric flexible polyimide substrate at low temperature ALD (250 °C). Two samples of BFO/Polyimide with different thicknesses (42 nm, 77 nm) were studied. As the thickness increases, a crystalline BFO phase with magnetic and electrical properties inherent to a multiferroic is observed. An increase in the film thickness promotes clustering. The competition between the magnetic and electrical subsystems creates an anomalous behavior of the magnetization at a temperature of 200 K. This property is probably related to the multiferroic/polymer interface. This paper explores the prerequisites for the low-temperature growth of BFO films on organic materials as promising structural components for flexible and quantum electronics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiferroic/Polymer Flexible Structures Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition

et al. 2022

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“…As specific examples within the context of electron sources, the webtool has been used to to analyze results from tungsten needle-like emitters [45] and from LAFEs of polymer graphite flakes [46]. We plan that the webtool should be a first step in a larger project that aims to monitor and control the behaviour of electron sources during operation, not only in FE experiments, but also in related scientific and industrial instruments, for example field emission scanning electron microscopes.…”

Section: Future Developments -Webtool Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of field emission current-voltage data: background theory and detailed simulation testing of a user-friendly webtool

Allaham,

Forbes,

Knapek

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In field electron emission (FE) studies, interpretation of measured current-voltage characteristics and extraction of emitter characterization parameters are usually carried out within the framework of "smooth planar metal-like emitter (SPME) methodology", using a data-analysis plot. This methodology was originally introduced in the 1920s. Three main data-plot types now exist: Millikan-Lauritsen (ML) plots, Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plots, and Murphy-Good (MG) plots. ML plots were commonly used in early FE studies, but most modern analysis uses FN plots. MG plots are a recent introduction.Theoretically, it is now known that ML and FN plots are predicted to be slightly curved in SPME methodology, but a Murphy-Good plot will be very nearly straight. Hence (because 1956 Murphy-Good emission theory is "better physics" than 1928 Fowler-Nordheim emission theory as corrected in 1929), expectation is that parameter extraction using a MG plot will be more precise than extraction using either ML plots or FN plots.In technological FE studies, current-voltage characteristics are often converted into other forms. Thus, measured voltage may be converted to (apparent) macroscopic field, and/or current values may be converted to macroscopic current densities. Thus, four data-input forms can be found in the context of analysing FE current-voltage results.It is also the case that over-simplified models of measurement-system behaviour are very widely assumed, and the question of whether simple use of a data-analysis plot is a valid data-interpretation procedure for the particular system under investigation has often been neglected. Past published studies on field emitter materials development appear to contain a high incidence of spurious values for the emitter characterization parameter "characteristic field enhancement factor". A procedure (the so-called "Orthodoxy Test") was described in 2013 that allows a validity check on measurement-system behaviour, and found that around 40% of a small sample of results tested were spuriously high, but has had limited uptake so far.To assist with FE current-voltage data interpretation and validity checks, a simple user-friendly webtool has been under design by the lead author. The webtool needs as user input some system specification data and some "range-limits" data from any of the three forms of data-analysis plot, using any of the four data-input variations. The webtool then applies the Orthodoxy Test, and-if the Test is passed-calculates values of relevant emitter characterization parameters.

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“…In field emission studies, there are two types of cathodes (electron sources): The single tip field emitter (STFE) and the large area field emitters (LAFE), which are synthesized by an array of micro/nano STFEs. In what follows, the model to describe the emission current from LAFE is used since the graphite samples are composed of a large array of microflakes with several pointed nano-tips [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of polymer and GMFs makes it hard enough to be possible to use. In this paper, authors prepared the required PGCs using the membrane-electrochemical etching technique as described in [2], [9]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field emission characteristics and analysis of chargé flow through graphite based cathodes

Allaham¹,

Burda²,

Sobola³

et al. 2023

Proceedings II of the 29st Conference STUDENT EEICT 2023: Selected Papers.

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This paper studies the performance of different types of graphite cathodes when operated as field emission electron sources. The tested cathodes were prepared in the form of bulk polymer graphite, bulk pure graphite, and polymer graphite coated with thin layer of insulating material (epoxy resin). The obtained results include X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron micrographs, the field emission microscope patterns and current-voltage characteristics, and the orthodoxy test analysis results. The importance of this study is summarized in following the pursuit of finding cheap and green electron sources. Moreover, to present a new exotic field emission behavior in the form of emission pulses.

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Field Emission Properties of Polymer Graphite Tips Prepared by Membrane Electrochemical Etching

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Multiferroic/Polymer Flexible Structures Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition

Multiferroic/Polymer Flexible Structures Obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition

Interpretation of field emission current-voltage data: background theory and detailed simulation testing of a user-friendly webtool

Field emission characteristics and analysis of chargé flow through graphite based cathodes

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