Field Emission in Emerging Two-Dimensional and Topological Materials: A Perspective

Chan, Wei Jie; Chua, Cherq; Ang, Yee Sin; Ang, L. K.

doi:10.1109/tps.2022.3173469

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…section S10), our model produces a good agreement with the experiment by using field enhancement factors β dc and β ac of ∼86 and ∼12, respectively, which are smaller than the values (155 and 45, respectively) reported by the Simpleman model . Notably, although the Simpleman model can provide satisfactory fitting, as well, the validity of using the Simpleman model to describe the optical-field emission from graphene is questionable, because the FN equation on which this model relies is fundamentally incompatible with properties of 2D materials. ,− …”

Section: Current-field Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Analytical Model of Optical-Field-Driven Subcycle Electron Tunneling Pulses from Two-Dimensional Materials

Luo,

Su,

Yang

et al. 2024

Nano Lett.

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We develop analytical models of optical-field-driven electron tunneling from the edge and surface of free-standing twodimensional (2D) materials. We discover a universal scaling between the tunneling current density (J) and the electric field near the barrier (F): In(J/|F| β ) ∝ 1/|F| with β values of 3 / 2 and 1 for edge emission and vertical surface emission, respectively. At ultrahigh values of F, the current density exhibits an unexpected high-field saturation effect due to the reduced dimensionality of the 2D material, which is absent in the traditional bulk material. Our calculation reveals the dc bias as an efficient method for modulating the optical-field tunneling subcycle emission characteristics. Importantly, our model is in excellent agreement with a recent experiment on graphene. Our results offer a useful framework for understanding optical-field tunneling emission from 2D materials, which are helpful for the development of optoelectronics and emerging petahertz vacuum nanoelectronics.

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Section: Current-field Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Analytical Model of Optical-Field-Driven Subcycle Electron Tunneling Pulses from Two-Dimensional Materials

Luo,

Su,

Yang

et al. 2024

Nano Lett.

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“…Atomistic images have been observed from field emitters comprising single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, enabling researchers to detect the details of atomic structures of their tips [25,26,[30][31][32][33][34]. Graphene is a promising material for field emitters because of its unique structures and useful properties [20,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The atomic thickness of graphene results in a large aspect ratio, which leads to a high enhancement factor that decreases the turn-on electric field.…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field induced electron emission from graphene nanostructures

Gao¹,

Okada²

2022

Nano Ex.

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Electric ﬁelds play a crucial role in modulating the electronic properties of nanoscale materials. Electron emission, induced by an electric ﬁeld, is a representative phenomenon. Experimental and theoretical aspects of such electron emission from graphene are brieﬂy reviewed. The emission occurs at the edge of graphene ﬂakes, not at the surface, because the edge highly concentrates the electric ﬁeld. Emission currents are sensitive to the edge shapes and edge ﬁctionalization. This review provides guiding principles for designing high-eﬃciency ﬁeld-emission devices by using graphene nanostructures.

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“…The field emission performance of nano-emitters can benefit from the large emission surface area and the high local electric field (E-field) strength [27,28]. Specifically, the E-field enhancement factor of the very sharp tip or edge of nano-emitters is significantly boosted (β = 10 4 ), compared to ordinary microemitters (β = 1-100) [29]. Thus, a strong field emission process can be achieved even with a relatively small external voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic structure evolution and linear regression fitting models for pre-breakdown electric field strength of FCC, BCC and HCP metal nano-emitters under high electric field from PIC-ED–MD simulations

Gao

Zha

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The multi-scale and multi-physics simulations are carried out for the nano-emitters consisting of FCC (Al, Cu and Au), BCC (V, Mo and W) and HCP (Ti, Zn and Zr) metals, using the hybrid electrodynamics coupled with molecular dynamics-particle in cell simulations (PIC-ED-MD). We show that the tilting of nano-emitter at low temperature and small electric field (E-field) is mainly caused either by the movement of partial dislocations at the apex of nanotip or by the elastic local distortions of atomic registries away from their ideal lattice sites (FCC/BCC/HCP). At high E-field, the intense resistive heating due to the strong electron emission leads to the directly melting of the apex of nano-emitters. For nano-emitters consisting of low melting point metals such as Al, Zn and Au, the thermal runaway is driven by the elongation, thinning, and necking of the molten region. Meanwhile, the elongation, thinning, and sharpening produce the nano-protrusion at the apex of metal nano-emitters, and the detaching of atoms or atomic cluster from nano-protrusion mainly contribute to the thermal runaway event for refractor metals such as Ti, Zr, Mo and W. The critical E-field strength of metal nano-emitters is found to be strongly correlated with structural parameters (atomic coordination number of liquid and equilibrium lattice constant), thermodynamic quantities (cohesive energy and enthalpy of evaporation) and phase transition temperatures (melting point and boiling point). Those correlations enable us to establish either the single-variable linear fitting models or multi-variable linear regression models to predict the critical E-field value for metal nano-emitters with good credibility.

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Field Emission in Emerging Two-Dimensional and Topological Materials: A Perspective

Cited by 16 publications

References 167 publications

Analytical Model of Optical-Field-Driven Subcycle Electron Tunneling Pulses from Two-Dimensional Materials

Analytical Model of Optical-Field-Driven Subcycle Electron Tunneling Pulses from Two-Dimensional Materials

Field induced electron emission from graphene nanostructures

Atomic structure evolution and linear regression fitting models for pre-breakdown electric field strength of FCC, BCC and HCP metal nano-emitters under high electric field from PIC-ED–MD simulations

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