Field emission from nanometer-scale tips of crystalline PbZrxTi1−xO3

Abstract

The authors report field emission from nanometer-sharp tips of polarized PbZr x Ti 1Àx O 3 (PZT), silicon, and platinum. The PZT nanoemitters are fabricated in a batch fabrication process from single-crystal silicon tips that are coated with a 30 nm thick film of crystalline PZT. The nanoemitters start to emit electrons at fields as low as 2 V/lm and reach threshold emission, or turn-on, at fields as low as 3.9 V/lm. The turn-on field is 3.9 V/lm for PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 , 6.8 V/lm for PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 , and 10.75 V/lm for PbZr 0.8 Ti 0.2 O 3 . The silicon nanoemitters have an electron emission turn-on field of 7.2 V/lm, and the platinum nanoemitters have an electron emission turn-on field of 5.75 V/lm. Using a Fowler-Nordheim analysis, the calculated effective work function of the PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 film is 1.00 eV, and the field amplification factor is $

Element sensitive reconstruction of nanostructured surfaces with finite elements and grazing incidence soft X-ray fluorescence

“…Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [3], surfaceenhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) [4] and advanced light-trapping applications in solar cells [5,6] are merely a few examples. Besides periodic lines as the simplest structure models, arrays of periodic nanostructures such as field emitter arrays [7] and nanorods [8] are also of great interest.…”

Pyroelectric electron emission from a thin film of PbZr<inf>x</inf>Ti<inf>1&#x2212;x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> on a nanofabricated cathode

“…We characterized the quality of the pyroelectric film using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and other electronic measurements [7]. The resulting PZT film was (00l)-oriented on tips with an average radius of 30 nm, and the average pyroelectric coefficient was 250×10 -6 C/m 2 K from measurements on sister films on a range of substrates.…”

Fiber optic probe of free electron evanescent fields in the optical frequency range

“…38,39 One may also envisage new forms of compact, tunable, fiber-coupled UV-VIS light sources, even single photon sources, 40 driven by chip-scale free-electron emitters. 41,42 This work was supported by the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G060363/1] (all authors), The Royal Society and the Singapore Ministry of Education [Grant MOE2011-T3-1-005] (N.I.Z.). The authors would like to thank Giorgio Adamo and Jun-Yu Ou, respectively, for constructive discussions on EIRE spectroscopy and FIB processing.…”