Field emission current instability induced by migrating atoms on W(310) surface

Yamamoto, Shigehiko; Saitou, Norio; Fukuhara, Satoru

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(78)90327-8

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Considering that initially adsorbed H 2 is replaced by CO at a later time, the captured cross section of H 2 must be much greater than CO. This is also proved by introducing both gases independently and by measuring PSDs as shown in figure 25 and in [130]. In the high frequency region, however, there is no frequency dependence in the PSD despite the kind of gas molecules adsorbed on the emitter surface.…”

Section: Theoretical Aspect Of Flicker Noise Type Current Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The current fluctuation is considered to be induced by the change in time of the local work function and/or the field strength on the atomic scale that is caused by adsorption, desorption, surface migration and ion bombardment of ambient molecules. [130]. The W field emitter is a W single crystal oriented to the 310 direction, which is polished into a sharp needle 100-200 nm in radius.…”

Section: History Of Field Emission Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Watanabe et al claim [145] that the the electron emission from diamond is enhanced by the H termination of dangling bonds, in contrast to the case of CNTs and other carbon related (dB) (Hz) Figure 34. PSDs of the current fluctuation from the Si-FEA with different tip numbers operated under the same emission current 1 µA (after [130]). materials, where H termination suppresses the electron emission.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Step and Spike Type Current Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental physics of vacuum electron sources

Yamamoto

2005

Rep. Prog. Phys.

Self Cite

131

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The history of electron emission is reviewed from a standpoint of the work function that determines the electron emission capability and of applications in the fields of scientific instruments and displays. For years, in thermionic emission, a great deal of effort has been devoted to the search for low work function materials with high melting temperature, while reduction of the local change in time of the work function rather than the work function itself has been the main issue of field emission investigations. High brightness and long life are the central targets of emission material investigations for scientific instrument applications, while high current density and low power consumption are the guiding principles for display applications.In most of the present day industries, thermionic emission materials are exclusively used in such fields requiring high current and high reliability as cathode ray tubes, transmission and receiving tubes, x-ray sources and various electron beam machines. Field electron emission sources, however, since applied to high resolution electron microscopes in the 1970s have recently become dominant in research and development in the fields of scientific instruments as well as in the fields of various electron tubes and beam machines.The main issue in this report is to analyse the work function on the atomic scale and thereby to understand the fundamental physics behind the work function, the change in time of the local work function leading to field emission current fluctuation and the relationship between microscopic (on atomic scale) and macroscopic work functions.Our attempt is presented here, where the work function on the atomic scale is measured by utilizing a scanning tunnelling microscopy technique, and it is made clear how far the local work function extends its influence over neighbouring sites. As a result, a simple relationship is established between microscopic and macroscopic work functions.

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Section: Theoretical Aspect Of Flicker Noise Type Current Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: History Of Field Emission Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Step and Spike Type Current Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental physics of vacuum electron sources

Yamamoto

2005

Rep. Prog. Phys.

Self Cite

131

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“…This ground state potential has the advantage that the work function can be continuously adjusted. A clean tungsten (310) surface has a work function of W (310) = 4.35 eV, which is, however, sensitive to surface adsorbates [12] and can serve only as a first estimate. Best agreement to experiment was found for a work function of W = 6.2 eV [3] which is also used throughout this work.…”

Section: Time-dependent Density Functional Theory For Electron Emissi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron emission from a metal nano-tip by ultrashort laser pulses

Wachter

Lemell

Burgdörfer

2012

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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We theoretically investigate the interaction of near-infrared few cycle laser pulses of moderate intensity with nano-scale metal tips. Macroscopic field enhancement leads to coherent electron emission from the tip apex. Electron spectra are simulated with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We investigate the dependence of the simulated electron spectra on the choice of exchange-correlation potential and atomic core pseudo-potential.

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“…Fluctuation of FE current depends greatly on the species of adsorbed gas. Yamamoto et al showed that adsorption of hydrogen induces smaller fluctuation than that of carbon monoxide [3][4][5]. H 2 and CO are the two major components of residual gas under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations of Field Emission Currents under Extreme High Vacuum

Cho

Ishikawa

Oshima

2008

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotechnol.

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We report the result of the noise measurement using an extreme high vacuum field emission microscope (XHV-FEM) operating under ∼ 7 × 10 −10 Pa. The fluctuation of a field emission (FE) current for a clean W(111) tip was comparable to the corresponding shot noise fluctuation, demonstrating the suitability of the XHV-FEM for investigation on the inherent fluctuation behavior of the FE process. Semilogarithmic damping curves of FE currents were linear for more than 10 hours. The noise of field emission (FE) currents ranging from 10 pA to 100 µA was measured under ∼ 7 × 10 −10 Pa. The lowest frequency measurement of shot noise was recorded at below 10 Hz.

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Field emission current instability induced by migrating atoms on W(310) surface

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Fundamental physics of vacuum electron sources

Fundamental physics of vacuum electron sources

Electron emission from a metal nano-tip by ultrashort laser pulses

Fluctuations of Field Emission Currents under Extreme High Vacuum

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