Field efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae oil formulations against Rhipicephalus microplus ticks using a cattle spray race

Biological Control of Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle by Fungal Isolates

“…For instance, M. anisopliae greatly reduced tick infestation in cattle. These fungi use a variety of bioactive substances and processes to pierce the tick’s cuticle, resulting in internal colonization and tick mortality [ 34 , 35 ].…”

“…The entomopathogenic fungi have several advantages over the chemical acaricides, such as minimal environmental pollution, low risk for animal health, and high efficacy against pests [ 35 ]. So, a possible impact of these fungal filtrates on animals and their side effects on cattle need to be evaluated.…”

Unraveling the epidemiology of tick-borne infections in cattle and the potential impact of a novel biopesticide in coastal Kenya

“…Fungal formulations based on M. anisopliae have been put forward as a possible and valuable alternative in the management of ticks (Alonso-Díaz & Fernández-Salas, 2021;Fernandes et al, 2012). Nonetheless, there have been inconsistent reports regarding the degree of tick control under field conditions, with some studies reporting a low control efficacy (Correia et al, 1998;Leemon et al, 2008;Samish et al, 2014) while others reporting a high control efficacy (Alonso-Díaz et al, 2007;Barbieri et al, 2023;Kaaya et al, 2011;Murigu et al, 2016).…”

“…However, research in this area has had mixed results as demonstrated by the inconsistencies in the level of control. For example, while some smallscale field studies have reported considerable reduction in tick infestations on cattle (Barbieri et al, 2023;Kaaya et al, 2011;Murigu et al, 2016), other studies have reported a lack of significant efficacy when compared to the respective controls (Correia et al, 1998;Leemon et al, 2008). All these studies were, however, limited by low statistical power and did not include data on epidemiological outcomes such as the incidence of tick-borne infections in cattle populations.…”

“…However, the success of tick control under field conditions has had variable results, in that, some studies reported a substantial efficacy (Alonso-Díaz et al, 2007;Barbieri et al, 2023;Murigu et al, 2016) while others reported a lack of significant efficacy when compared to the respective controls (Chapter 4; Correia et al, 1998;Leemon et al, 2008). The success of EPFs in the field is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (Fernandes et al, 2012).…”