Field effects in the CNS play functional roles

Weiss, Shennan A.; Faber, Donald S.

doi:10.3389/fncir.2010.00015

Cited by 62 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The failure in active impulse conduction in those terminals enables them to serve as passive current sources, with extracellular high resistivity allowing the current to channel mainly into the AIS of the Mauthner cell (Furukawa and Furshpan, 1963;Weiss and Faber, 2010). In this regard, the lack of Na V (Laube et al, 1996;Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Molecular-Anatomical Evidence for GABAergic Influence on Axon Initial Segment of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells by the Pinceau Formation

Iwakura

Uchigashima²,

Miyazaki³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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The axon initial segment (AIS) of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) is embraced by ramified axons of GABAergic basket cells (BCs) called the pinceau formation. This unique structure has been assumed to be a device for the modulation of PC outputs through electrical and/or GABAergic inhibition. Electrical inhibition is supported by enriched potassium channels, absence of sodium channels, and developed septate-like junctions between BC axons. The neurochemical basis for GABAergic inhibition, however, has not been well investigated. Here we addressed this issue using C56BL/6 mice. First, we confirmed previous observations that typical synaptic contacts were rare and confined to proximal axonal portions, with the remaining portions being mostly covered by astrocytic processes. Then we examined the expression of molecules involved in GABAergic signaling, including GABA synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), vesicular GABA transporter vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT), cytomatrix active zone protein bassoon, GABA receptor GABA A R␣1, and cell adhesion molecule neuroligin-2. These molecules were recruited to form a functional assembly at perisomatic BC-PC synapses and along the AIS of hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal cells. GAD and VIAAT immunogold labeling was five times lower in the pinceau formation compared with perisomatic BC terminals and showed no accumulation toward the AIS. Moreover, bassoon, neuroligin-2, and GABA A R␣1 formed no detectable clusters along the ankyrin-G-positive AIS proper. These findings indicate that GABAergic signaling machinery is organized loosely and even incompletely in the pinceau formation. Together, BCs do not appear to exert GABAergic synaptic inhibition on the AIS, although the mode of action of the pinceau formation remains to be explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Molecular-Anatomical Evidence for GABAergic Influence on Axon Initial Segment of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells by the Pinceau Formation

Iwakura

Uchigashima²,

Miyazaki³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…Ephaptic interactions/field effects are also expected to be enhanced in circumstances of reduced ECS volume (reviewed by Weiss and Faber, 2010). In these conditions, cells are closer to one another, which increases the likelihood that a depolarization in one cell will affect a neighbor.…”

Section: Nonsynaptic Mechanisms Of Epilepsy That Might Be Enhanced Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain extracellular space, hyaluronan, and the prevention of epileptic seizures

Perkins

Arranz

Yamaguchi

et al. 2017

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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“…In some studies, it is observed that an active neuron can produce a depolarization on the membrane of adjacent inactive neuron (Weiss and Faber 2010). These effects are dramatic in the case of the high extracellular resistance, as the current flows along an alternative parallel pathway.…”

Section: Extracellular Resistance R Ds Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ephaptic transmission model of CA3 pyramidal cells: an investigation into electric field effects

Wei

Chen

et al. 2013

Cogn Neurodyn

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Extracellular electric fields existing throughout the living brain affect the neural coding and information processing via ephaptic transmission, independent of synapses. A two-compartment whole field effect model (WFEM) of pyramidal neurons embedded within a resistive array which simulates the extracellular medium i.e. ephapse is developed to study the effects of electric field on neuronal behaviors. We derive the two linearized filed effect models (LFEM-1 and LFEM-2) from WFEM at the stable resting state. Through matching these simplified models to the subthreshold membrane response in experiments of the resting pyramidal cells exposed to applied electric fields, we not only verify our proposed model's validity but also found the key parameters which dominate subthreshold frequency response characteristic. Moreover, we find and give its underlying biophysical mechanism that the unsymmetrical properties of active ion channels results in the very different low-frequency response of somatic and dendritic compartments. Following, WFEM is used to investigate both direct-current (DC) and alternating-current field effect on the neural firing patterns by bifurcation analyses. We present that DC electric field could modulate neuronal excitability, with the positive field improving the excitability, the modest negative field suppressing the excitability, but interestingly, the larger negative field reexciting the neuron back into spiking behavior. The neuron exposed to the sinusoidal electric field exhibits abundant firing patterns sensitive to the input frequency and intensity. In addition, the electrical properties of ephapse can modulate the efficacy of field effect. Our simulated results are qualitatively in line with the relevant experimental results and can explain some experimental phenomena. Furthermore, they are helpful to provide the predictions which can be tested in future experiments.

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Field effects in the CNS play functional roles

Cited by 62 publications

References 127 publications

Lack of Molecular-Anatomical Evidence for GABAergic Influence on Axon Initial Segment of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells by the Pinceau Formation

Lack of Molecular-Anatomical Evidence for GABAergic Influence on Axon Initial Segment of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells by the Pinceau Formation

Brain extracellular space, hyaluronan, and the prevention of epileptic seizures

An ephaptic transmission model of CA3 pyramidal cells: an investigation into electric field effects

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