Field demonstration of a microwave black powder detection device in gas transmission pipelines

Taha, Wesam; Abou‐Khousa, Mohamed A.; Haryono, Andri; Alshehhi, Mohamed; Al-Wahedi, Khaled; Al‐Durra, Ahmed; AlNabulsieh, Ibrahim; Daoud, Mustafa; Geuzebroek, Frank; Faraj, Mohammad; Azhar, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2019.103058

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The main objective is to detect and monitor the movement of the BP in the gas pipelines. The first step was to invent a sensor that can detect BP in real-time [16], [17]. The second step is to propose an algorithm for higher level monitoring which uses the BP measurements to provide a clear picture of the natural gas network.…”

Section: A Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Black Powder Concentrations in Natural Gas Pipeline Networks

et al. 2020

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Natural gas transmission pipeline networks are facing serious issues related to the solid particles deposition that is called black powder (BP). The creation of BP inside natural gas pipeline is not completely understood, but it mainly results from the pipelines inner walls corrosion, which is a complex chemical reaction between the natural gas and pipelines. Moreover, the exact BP generation time, amount, and location are still vague. This work aims to reduce the effect of BP by estimating BP concentrations in natural gas networks. This will significantly help natural gas pipeline networks operators to plan more effective maintenance schedules. This work takes into account the industrial need for simple, fast, and accurate techniques for estimating BP concentration in natural gas pipeline networks. The proposed BP estimation technique is based on a lookup table (LT) which is constructed from a one-dimensional model of BP deposition and transport. This technique eliminates the need for extensive computational efforts and long estimation times that are necessary for other optimization-based BP estimation techniques. The proposed LTbased BP estimation technique is validated and compared to other BP estimation techniques using simulation studies. The results of the proposed BP estimation technique show that it is promising and has potentials for application in existing and future natural gas networks. INDEX TERMS Black powder (BP), lookup table (LT), natural gas network, optimization techniques.

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Section: A Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Black Powder Concentrations in Natural Gas Pipeline Networks

et al. 2020

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“…More significantly, in extreme situations, it can result in completely stopping sales gas supply to customers. For example, a single blackout incident, for a duration of three days, costs over a $1-million, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) estimates [8].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Powder in Sales Gas Pipelines: Sources and Technical Recommendations

Wahedi¹,

Saleh²,

Dadach³

2020

WJET

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One of the most severe problems affecting the efficient operations of gas pipelines is corrosion caused by black powder. According to the literature, the primary source for the existence of black powder is condensed water. In this case study, the temperature (40˚C) of the sales gas is much higher than its dew point (9.24˚C). The water is therefore in vapor phase. It is then proposed to remove water vapor from the gas at the entrance of the plant using an adsorption process. The recommended technology is the Layered Bed Temperature-Swing Adsorption (LBTSA) with micro-channels with molecular sieve zeolite 4A and activated alumina as adsorbents. In the case of presence of aerosols that could condense water, it is suggested to utilize a RED (Rare Earth Drum) magnetic separator in order to remove black powder from the gaseous feed.

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“…It can be wet or dry and consists of numbers of chemical forms of iron sulfides, iron oxides and iron carbonates. It is rich with radon progeny, especially radiolead ( 210 Pb) [6][7][8][9][10][11]. In Brazil 210 Pb content in black powder varied from 40 to 8800 Bq/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland

et al. 2022

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Activity concentration of 210Pb in black powder and gamma radiation dose rate related to natural gas transportation were discussed. As part of the research, the content of radiolead (210Pb) in black powder, spent filter containers, radon (222Rn) activity concentration in natural gas and gamma radiation dose were measured around selected points of natural gas transportation infrastructure in Poland. The content of some heavy metals was also analyzed. The average concentrations of 222Rn and 210Pb ranged from 30 to 1400 Bq/m3 and from around 450 to 16,000 Bq/kg, respectively. The external exposure to gamma radiation was low; the gamma radiation dose rate was at the level of background radiation or slightly exceeded it. The research demonstrated that the content of 210Pb in black powder is strongly related to radon concentration in natural gas, the volumetric flow rate of the transported natural gas and solid fraction content. Some black powder samples should be classified based on 210Pb content as low-radioactive waste.

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Field demonstration of a microwave black powder detection device in gas transmission pipelines

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Assessment of Black Powder Concentrations in Natural Gas Pipeline Networks

Assessment of Black Powder Concentrations in Natural Gas Pipeline Networks

Black Powder in Sales Gas Pipelines: Sources and Technical Recommendations

Radiological Hazard Related with Natural Radioactivity in Natural Gas Transportation—A Case Study from Poland

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