Field-crop-sprayer potential drift measured using test bench: Effects of boom height and nozzle type

Balsari, P.; Gil, Emilio; Marucco, Paolo; Zande, J.C. van de; Nuyttens, David; Herbst, Andreas; Gallart, Montserrat

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.10.015

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The previous results seem to confirm the known effects of nozzle type and fan airflow rate on DPV reduction . In addition, the ANOVA analyses presented in Figs (b) and (b) demonstrate the significant effects ( p < 0.001) of sprayer configuration (combination of different nozzle types and fan airflow rates) on both DPV AC (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Until now, various studies have proposed alternative indirect drift measurement methods that target easy, repeatable, and precise procedures, with a focus having been placed on drift measurement and classification of field crop sprayers . Researchers have proposed the following as easy, repeatable, and precise alternative indirect test methods for drift measurement based on spray drift potential: phase doppler particle analyser (PDPA) laser measurement, wind tunnel measurement, and test bench measurement . Test bench measurement was recently officially adopted by an ISO working group (ISO TC23/SC6 WG 16) as a new method for measurement of potential spray drift of horizontal boom sprayers, and the standard protocol was recently published as ISO 22401:2015…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a new method to classify the airblast sprayers according to their potential drift reduction: comparison of direct and new indirect measurement methods

Grella

Marucco

Balsari

2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Drift is one of the most important issues to consider for realising sustainable pesticide sprays. This study proposes an alternative indirect methodology for comparative measurements of drift reduction potential (DRP) generated by airblast sprayers, aimed at overcoming the practical inconveniences and drawbacks of standardized ISO 22866:2005. A test bench in the absence of target crop and wind was employed to measure drift potential values (DPVs). A variation to the proposed method that introduced a crop between sprayer and test bench device was considered to study the canopy effect (absence/presence) and to validate the method. In parallel, direct spray drift measurements (ISO 22866) were performed to obtain the drift value (DV). A representative vineyard airblast sprayer was evaluated in four configurations (a combination of two fan airflow rates and two nozzle types). The configurations tested under the three methods (direct and indirects) were classified according to achieved drift reduction percentages (ISO 22369-1:2013) and compared. RESULTS: Indirect methods discriminated DPVs from different nozzles (conventional, air induction) and fan airflow rate (high, low) combinations.Indirect methods also showed that despite crop influence on drift amount, target absence has a negligible effect when used specifically for DRP determination/classification. In fact, identical DRP final classifications were achieved for the two methodologies tested. Alternatively, all tested configurations resulted in lower DR values following the ISO 22866 field method, which caused different final classifications due to the high dependence of results on external factors. CONCLUSIONS:The alternative test bench methodology, characterized by the absence of target crop and calm of wind, was considered feasible for comparative measurements of airblast sprayer DRP.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new method to classify the airblast sprayers according to their potential drift reduction: comparison of direct and new indirect measurement methods

Grella

Marucco

Balsari

2019

Pest Management Science

Self Cite

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“…The operational settings of the sprayers were found to affect the efficiency of the droplets directly hitting the targets. The setting parameters included fan speeds [4][5][6][7] , hydraulic pump pressures [8][9][10][11] , distances from the fan centres [8][9][10]12,13] , heights of the targets [6,14] , nozzle types [8,11,15] , nozzle positions and orientations [8] , driving speeds [12,16] , and so on. The majority of spray distribution and deposition studies focused on pome [5] , apple and pear trees [17] , ornamental crops such as bay laurel [8] , pecan [6,18] , and potatoes [19] .…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of working parameters for 3MGY-200 axial air-assisted sprayer in kiwifruit orchards

Liu

Pan

et al. 2020

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Axial air-assisted sprayers can distribute pesticides efficiently in kiwifruit orchards. Because of improper parameter settings, most sprayers deliver either too much or too little pesticide. To identify appropriate sprayer parameters for kiwifruit trees, the vertical distribution profiles of the applied liquid spray were examined in this study. The effects of spray fan speed (SFS), spray pressure (SP) and spray distance (SD) on the distributions of the sprayed liquid in the vertical profiles were studied. Combined actions of the above parameters were systematically analysed using the quadratic general rotary design test method. Regression equations for the spray liquid distributions and working factors are presented. Field confirmation experiments were carried out to optimize the parameters. Data analysis showed that the optional sprayer working parameters are those of Group 3, with an SFS equal to 1900 r/min and SP equal to 3.25 MPa. The results of this study provide a reference for future applications of this type of axial air-assisted sprayer in kiwifruit orchards.

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“…The spray boom will parallel to the ground by using active suspension, it will give a more even coverage of spray and can also be mounted closer to the crop without fear of the boom tips striking the ground. The lower the boom, the less the spray is affected by the wind and so drift is reduced [11][12][13] . However, the boom sprayers in China usually have no suspension or using passive suspension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and experiment of electro hydraulic active suspension for controlling the rolling motion of spray boom

Cui¹,

Xue²,

Le³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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Boom sprayer is one of the most commonly used plant protection machinery for spraying pesticide. Studies have shown that the efficiency of chemicals is highly correlated with the uniformity of spray distribution patterns. As the boom is a large and flexible structure, boom rolling leads to overlapping and leakage of the pesticides. In order to improve spray uniformity, the boom attitude should be kept parallel to the ground slope or to the crop canopy beneath the boom. Passive suspension can attenuate frequencies above its resonance frequency, but nothing can be done to align the boom to the sloping ground. Therefore, an active suspension system is designed, which includes DSP-based controller, a servo valve, a hydraulic cylinder, two ultrasonic sensors, one inertial attitude sensor, and the developed control procedures. In order to prevent the wrong response of the control system caused by the high frequency component due to uneven crop canopy or rough ground. A special signal processing algorithm was proposed, including the limiting filter, smoothing algorithm and data fusion algorithm based on optimal weight. The transient and steady-state performances of the boom control system using velocity feedforward PID algorithm were tested on a six DOF motion simulator. It can be seen that the low-frequency tracking performance of the boom was greatly improved after the electro-hydraulic active suspension was added. At the resonance frequency, the peak angle of active suspension and passive suspensions are 0.72° and 1.29° respectively, and the resonance peak is greatly reduced. The controller was implemented on a self-propelled boom sprayer and validated under field conditions, the standard deviation of the roll angle of the boom with active suspension is 0.40°, compared with 1.04° of the sprayer chassis. Experimental results show that the active suspension control system can effectively reduce the effect of ground excitation disturbance on the application process, and has good tracking performance for low frequency terrain change.

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Field-crop-sprayer potential drift measured using test bench: Effects of boom height and nozzle type

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Toward a new method to classify the airblast sprayers according to their potential drift reduction: comparison of direct and new indirect measurement methods

Toward a new method to classify the airblast sprayers according to their potential drift reduction: comparison of direct and new indirect measurement methods

Optimization of working parameters for 3MGY-200 axial air-assisted sprayer in kiwifruit orchards

Design and experiment of electro hydraulic active suspension for controlling the rolling motion of spray boom

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