Field confirmation of a mechanism causing synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis and the gypsy moth parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus

Weseloh, Ronald M.; Andreadis, Theodore G.; Moore, Robert E.; Anderson, John F.; Dubois, Normand R.; Lewis, Franklin B.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(83)90240-9

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Development time is potentially an important component of fitness in the field because it determines how long larvae are exposed to predators and parasites. For example, the effectiveness of several parasitoid species depends on host larval growth rates: parasitism increases when host growth is slowed (Weseloh et al 1983). Thus, the shortening of larval stages with alternative hosts may provide an important selective advantage under pressure from natural enemies, as demonstrated by several authors (Ha¨ggstro¨m and Larsson 1995;Benrey and Denno 1997;Parry et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative performance of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) on grapes and other hosts

2005

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The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana is a major grapevine pest, but despite the abundance of vineyards it is a generalist and uses either grapes or alternative species. Given the abundance and predictability of grape, L. botrana could be expected to have evolved towards monophagy. In order to understand why this species remains polyphagous, we hypothesized that larvae reared on rare wild host plants should have higher fitness than those reared on the more abundant grape host. For this, we compared larval performance and several life history traits on three alternative host plants (Daphne gnidium, Olea europaea, Tanacetum vulgare) and three Vitaceae (Vitis vinifera), two cultivars and one wild species (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), and two control groups raised on either a low or a high nutritive value medium. Alternative hosts are more suitable than Vitaceae for the reproductive performance of L. botrana: larval mortality and development time was reduced, while pupal weight, growth rate, female longevity, female fecundity, duration of laying and mating success were increased. High quality food ingested by larvae promotes higher adult body weight and enhances female reproductive output. This suggests that alternative hosts provide greater nutritional value for L. botrana than Vitaceae. The use of alternative host plants could thus be maintained in the host range because they offer L. botrana a better fitness than on the Vitaceae. This could typically represent an advantage for moths behaving in plant diversity grape landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative performance of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) on grapes and other hosts

2005

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“…Previous studies on combinations of biocontrol agents have produced contrasting results, but they have sometimes revealed a more than additive effect on pest populations. Weseloh et al (1983) showed that when gypsy moth larvae were infected with Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), the bacterium retarded their development, thereby allowing a greater number to be parasitized by the parasitoid Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg). Similarly, when the microsporidium Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) was used in combination with the bacterium B. thuringiensis, there were also indications of synergism between these two biocontrol agents (Fuxa 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between the ParasitoidMeteorus gyrator(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and a Granulovirus inLacanobia oleracea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Matthews¹,

Smith²,

Bell³

et al. 2004

Environ Entomol

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“…Este aspecto foi evidenciado por Weseloh et al (1983) Avaliou-se, também, a duração das fases de ovo-larva, pupa e ovo-pupa, a longevidade do inseto adulto e a duração do ciclo total de desenvolvimento (ovo-adulto) (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Biologia De Descendentes De C Flavicinctaunclassified

“…Dentre eles podem ser citados: suscetibilidade a bactérias por lagartas parasitadas (Nealis & Van Frankenhuyzen 1990), possibilidade de transmissão do patógeno no momento da postura de ovos (Bell et al 1974), influência do patógeno na biologia do parasitóide (Ahmad et al 1978, Salama et al 1982, influência do patógeno na biologia do hospedeiro (Weseloh et al 1983) e habilidade do parasitóide em distinguir entre lagartas do hospedeiro infectadas ou não (López & Ferro 1995, Ulpah & Kok 1996.…”

unclassified

Interação entre Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) e Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai, em laboratório

Dequech¹,

Silva²,

Fiúza³

2005

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Neotropical Entomology 34(6):937-944 (2005) Interaction between Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai, in Laboratory ABSTRACT -Larvae of healthy Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), parasitized by Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead), infected by Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai, and both parasitized and infected, were obtained in the laboratory and fed with corn leaves. Parasitized and infected larvae showed less leaf consumption (in average 2.3 cm 2 ) than the others, but did not differ from only parasitized larvae. Mean mortality of larvae both parasitized and infected was higher (96.5%) than the only parasitized (78.4%) and only infected ones (44.3%). The feeding period of the infected larvae (in average 29.6 days) did not differ from that of the healthy ones, in spite of having a longer larval period. Offsprings from pairs of parasitoids that had emerged from infected larvae did not have the biological characteristics modified. Therefore, the combined use of the parasitoid and the bacterium results in higher mortality and less foliar consumption and does not result in damage to the parasitoid.KEY WORDS: Fall armyworm, biologic control, microbial control, natural enemy RESUMO -Lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) sadias, parasitadas por Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead), infectadas por Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai e parasitadas e infectadas foram obtidas em laboratório e alimentadas com folhas de milho. Lagartas parasitadas e infectadas apresentaram menor consumo foliar (em média, 2,3 cm 2

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Field confirmation of a mechanism causing synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis and the gypsy moth parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Relative performance of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) on grapes and other hosts

Relative performance of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) on grapes and other hosts

Interactions Between the ParasitoidMeteorus gyrator(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and a Granulovirus inLacanobia oleracea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Interação entre Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) e Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai, em laboratório

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