Field Comparison of Cyclopentanone Versus Carbon Dioxide as an Attractant for Adult Mosquitoes in Southeast Queensland, Australia

Abstract

Cyclopentanone is a saturated monoketone typically used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, biologicals, insecticides, and rubber chemicals. Recently, it has been demonstrated that cyclopentanone activates the cpA CO2 receptor neuron on the maxillary palp of mosquitoes, suggesting that it may be a viable alternative to CO2 as an attractant for mosquitoes. Furthermore, semifield experiments showed that traps baited with cyclopentanone attract Culex quinquefasciatus Say at a similar rate to those baited with CO2. We evaluated the field efficacy of cyclopentanone as an alternative to CO2 in Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and counterflow geometry (CFG) traps commonly used to collect mosquitoes in surveillance programs. Three pairwise trials and four Latin square trials were conducted across three peri-urban sites, comprising two saltwater sites and one freshwater site, in southeast Queensland, Australia. In all trials, CO2-baited traps outperformed traps baited with cyclopentanone. Carbon dioxide-baited CDC traps collected significantly more total mosquitoes, Aedes vigilax (Skuse), Culex sitiens Weidemann, and Culex annulirostris Skuse, than those baited with ≥99% cyclopentanone in pairwise trials. Similarly, in almost all Latin square trials, CO2-baited CDC and CFG traps collected significantly greater numbers of total mosquitoes, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris, Culex orbostiensis Dobrotworsky, and Cx. sitiens when compared with CFG traps baited with 20% cyclopentanone. Our trials indicate that cyclopentanone is not effective as a mosquito attractant in the field and cannot be used as a simple substitute for CO2 in commonly used mosquito surveillance traps.

2-Butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the Afrotropical malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus

“…This simulated the activity of CO 2 . In related studies, acetone and cyclopentanone have also been tested as substitutes for CO 2 [ 15 – 17 ] but with little success under field conditions [ 16 , 17 ]. The current study sought to: (a) evaluate the synergistic importance of CO 2 as a mosquito attractant in counter-flow MM-X traps; (b) assess the attraction of mosquitoes to different concentrations of 2-butanone; (c) determine the optimal concentration of 2-butanone for attracting mosquitoes; and, (d) evaluate the attraction of mosquitoes to odour baits containing 2-butanone in the field.…”

The Use of Granular Cyclopentanone as Alternative to Artificial Source of Carbon Dioxide in Improved Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD)

“…One of the desirable options could be the use of novel compounds that mimic CO 2 such as cyclopentanone (C 5 H 8 O) [57,58], acetone [59], and 2-butanone [60,61]. ese compounds activate CO 2 receptor (cpA) neuron on the maxillary palps of mosquitoes, and some of them have been tested against Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes mosquitoes as substitutes for CO 2 in odor-baited traps without success [17,58,60]. Traps baited with liquid formulation of cyclopentanone had similar catches of Culex quinquefasciatus to those traps baited with industrial CO 2 under semifield conditions [17], but not in the field [58].…”

“…ese compounds activate CO 2 receptor (cpA) neuron on the maxillary palps of mosquitoes, and some of them have been tested against Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes mosquitoes as substitutes for CO 2 in odor-baited traps without success [17,58,60]. Traps baited with liquid formulation of cyclopentanone had similar catches of Culex quinquefasciatus to those traps baited with industrial CO 2 under semifield conditions [17], but not in the field [58]. Similarly, the liquid formulation of 2-butanone increased attractiveness of synthetic blend (e.g., Mbita blend) to mosquitoes including Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus the same as CO 2 in the odor-baited traps under the field but not semifield environments [60].…”

“…Similarly, the liquid formulation of 2-butanone increased attractiveness of synthetic blend (e.g., Mbita blend) to mosquitoes including Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus the same as CO 2 in the odor-baited traps under the field but not semifield environments [60]. However, it was hypothesized that liquid formulation of cyclopentanone or 2-butanone in a cotton wick may depreciate relatively quickly due to variations of wind speed, moisture, temperature, and competing odors from the surrounding natural vegetation [58,60].…”

“…erefore, there is a need for slow release formulations of cyclopentanone or other CO 2 mimics such as 2butanone to enhance further development and large scale use of traps and odor-baited outdoor control devices [17,58,60]. is study aimed to (i) evaluate the potential of cyclopentanone granules to enhance/potentiate the attractiveness of synthetic blends in POHD against An.…”