Abstract:Breast cancer affects one in seven women worldwide during their lifetime. Widespread mammographic screening programs and education campaigns allow for early detection of the disease, often during its asymptomatic phase. Current practice in treatment and recurrence monitoring is based primarily on pathological evaluations but can also encompass genomic evaluations, both of which focus on the primary tumor. Although breast cancer is one of the most studied cancers, patients still recur at a rate of up to 15% wit… Show more
“…Integrating molecular pathology and epidemiology to identify relevant factors such as environmental exposures, host genetics, and lifestyle will be vital to examine the complex relationships with breast cancer risk, requiring comprehensive sets of appropriately annotated patient material within biobank collections. It is hoped that the current progress in studies of cancerisation fields will improve our understanding of breast cancer processes, and lead to improved screening strategies and treatments [15].…”
Section: Tissue Microenvironmentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…understanding of breast cancer processes, and lead to improved screening strategies and treatments [15].…”
The 2022 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology, Recent Advances in Pathology, contains 15 invited reviews on research areas of growing importance in pathology. This year, the articles include those that focus on digital pathology, employing modern imaging techniques and software to enable improved diagnostic and research applications to study human diseases. This subject area includes the ability to identify specific genetic alterations through the morphological changes they induce, as well as integrating digital and computational pathology with 'omics technologies. Other reviews in this issue include an updated evaluation of mutational patterns (mutation signatures) in cancer, the applications of lineage tracing in human tissues, and single cell sequencing technologies to uncover tumour evolution and tumour heterogeneity. The tissue microenvironment is covered in reviews specifically dealing with proteolytic control of epidermal differentiation, cancer-associated fibroblasts, field cancerisation, and host factors that determine tumour immunity. All of the reviews contained in this issue are the work of invited experts selected to discuss the considerable recent progress in their respective fields and are freely available online (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10969896).
“…Integrating molecular pathology and epidemiology to identify relevant factors such as environmental exposures, host genetics, and lifestyle will be vital to examine the complex relationships with breast cancer risk, requiring comprehensive sets of appropriately annotated patient material within biobank collections. It is hoped that the current progress in studies of cancerisation fields will improve our understanding of breast cancer processes, and lead to improved screening strategies and treatments [15].…”
Section: Tissue Microenvironmentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…understanding of breast cancer processes, and lead to improved screening strategies and treatments [15].…”
The 2022 Annual Review Issue of The Journal of Pathology, Recent Advances in Pathology, contains 15 invited reviews on research areas of growing importance in pathology. This year, the articles include those that focus on digital pathology, employing modern imaging techniques and software to enable improved diagnostic and research applications to study human diseases. This subject area includes the ability to identify specific genetic alterations through the morphological changes they induce, as well as integrating digital and computational pathology with 'omics technologies. Other reviews in this issue include an updated evaluation of mutational patterns (mutation signatures) in cancer, the applications of lineage tracing in human tissues, and single cell sequencing technologies to uncover tumour evolution and tumour heterogeneity. The tissue microenvironment is covered in reviews specifically dealing with proteolytic control of epidermal differentiation, cancer-associated fibroblasts, field cancerisation, and host factors that determine tumour immunity. All of the reviews contained in this issue are the work of invited experts selected to discuss the considerable recent progress in their respective fields and are freely available online (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10969896).
“…This can be present in the entire organ or parts thereof (prostate), as well as in paired organs (breasts), 16 and in the hematologic and nervous systems; 17 perhaps the whole body can be exposed to cancer development as a result of inherited or acquired genetic defects during embryogenesis (for example, Li-Fraumen syndrome) 18 . Some authors proposes 19 , as a current perspective on the field effect, to broaden the causative agents, including a wide range, in both exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous agents include chemicals such as tobacco smoke, physical agents such as ultraviolet radiation, and infectious agents such as Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B. Endocrine secretions (for example estrogens, testosterone), exocrine secretions (for example gastric acid), and even inherited cancer mutations (BRCA 1,2) constitute the endogenous causal factors of the field effect.…”
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women worldwide; however, early detection could mitigate theassociated number of deaths, where new screening techniques applicable to the entire risk population are the key to achievingthis goal. By identifying the risk population, it is easier to plan cancer prevention programs and contribute to reducing thenumber of deaths from breast cancer; however, despite new promising technologies for early cancer detection, there arefew proposals available to achieve massively applicable techniques to screen the entire breast cancer risk population. Wepresent a proof-of-concept for screening breast cancer using a noninvasive and potentially low-cost technique that detects thecancerization field effect by spectral analysis (FEDSA) using near-infrared backscattered light. To test the concept of FEDSA todetect cancer, we performed FEDSA measurements in 24 women divided into two groups, the first group of 17 normal womenand the second group of seven women with previously detected abnormalities in the breast; we identified significant differencesin the FEDSA spectra of both groups, suggesting the potential of FEDSA as a promising screening technique for the earlydetection of breast cancer.
“…Recent advances in molecular, genomic and bulk sequencing techniques have supported the role of field cancerization ( 17 ). In breast cancer, microsatellite markers, epigenetic aberrations, transcriptomic deregulations and hTERT overexpression have been detected in histologically normal mammary tissues ( 18 , 19 ). In head and neck cancer, loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9p and telomere dysregulation were commonly observed in benign squamous hyperplasia ( 20 , 21 ).…”
IntroductionLocal and regional recurrence after surgical intervention is a significant problem in cancer management. The multistage theory of carcinogenesis precisely places the presence of histologically normal but mutated premalignant lesions surrounding the tumor - field cancerization, as a significant cause of cancer recurrence. The relationship between tissue dynamics, cancer initiation and cancer recurrence in multistage carcinogenesis is not well known.MethodsThis study constructs a computational model for cancer initiation and recurrence by combining the Moran and branching processes in which cells requires 3 or more mutations to become malignant. In addition, a spatial structure-setting is included in the model to account for positional relativity in cell turnover towards malignant transformation. The model consists of a population of normal cells with no mutation; several populations of premalignant cells with varying number of mutations and a population of malignant cells. The model computes a stage of cancer detection and surgery to eliminate malignant cells but spares premalignant cells and then estimates the time for malignant cells to re-emerge.ResultsWe report the cellular conditions that give rise to different patterns of cancer initiation and the conditions favoring a shorter cancer recurrence by analyzing premalignant cell types at the time of surgery. In addition, the model is fitted to disease-free clinical data of 8,957 patients in 27 different cancer types; From this fitting, we estimate the turnover rate per month, relative fitness of premalignant cells, growth rate and death rate of cancer cells in each cancer type.DiscussionOur study provides insights into how to identify patients who are likely to have a shorter recurrence and where to target the therapeutic intervention.
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