Field Application of the Combined Membrane‐Interface Probe and Hydraulic Profiling Tool (MiHpt)

Abstract

The Membrane‐Interface Probe and Hydraulic Profiling Tool (MiHpt) is a direct push probe that includes both the membrane interface probe (MIP) and hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) sensors. These direct push logging tools were previously operated as separate logging systems for subsurface investigation in unconsolidated formations. By combining these two probes into one logging system the field operator obtains useful data about the distribution of both volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) and relative formation permeability in a single boring. MiHpt logging was conducted at a chlorinated VOC contaminated site in Skuldelev, Denmark, to evaluate performance of the system. Formation cores and discrete interval slug tests are used to assess use of the HPT and electrical conductivity (EC) logs for lithologic and hydrostratigraphic interpretation. Results of soil and groundwater sample analyses are compared to the adjacent MiHpt halogen specific detector (XSD) logs to evaluate performance of the system to define contaminant distribution and relative concentrations for the observed VOCs. Groundwater profile results at moderate to highly contaminated locations were found to correlate well with the MiHpt‐XSD detector responses. In general, soil sample results corresponded with detector responses. However, the analyses of saturated coarse‐grained soils at the site proved to be unreliable as demonstrated by high RPDs for duplicate samples. The authors believe that this is due to pore water drainage observed from these cores during sampling. Additionally, a cross section of HPT pressure and MiHpt‐XSD detector logs provides insight into local hydrostratigraphy and formation control on contaminant migration.

Evaluation and application of the optical image profiler (OIP) a direct push probe for photo-logging UV-induced fluorescence of petroleum hydrocarbons

“…The EC log was found to correlate well with the USCS boring log at this location and the other three locations that were cored. Targeted coring at selected locations should be conducted to confirm EC log interpretation as the presence of salts or elevated dissolved solids, and other variables can impact the EC log response (McCall et al 2014(McCall et al , 2017. A simplified cross section of the Iowa site based on the EC and %AF logs (Fig.…”

“…During a similar time frame, the development of small complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera sensors has made it possible to capture good quality images on small digital devices like cell phones (Moynihan 2011). By combining these recent advances in LEDs and CMOS sensors with its experience in direct push logging technology (Christy et al 1994;Christy 1996;McCall et al 2006McCall et al , 2009McCall et al , 2014McCall et al , 2017, Geoprobe has been able to develop the optical imaging profiler (OIP). The OIP probe and logging system…”

“…Under fresh water conditions, the EC log often is a good indicator of formation lithology. However, some clays exhibit low EC response (McCall et al 2014), and brines or total dissolved solids, along with other factors, may influence the EC response (McCall et al 2017). Targeted sampling should be used to confirm the EC log response and interpretation.…”

Tracing tsunami signatures of the ad 551 and ad 1303 tsunamis at the Gulf of Kyparissia (Peloponnese, Greece) using direct push in situ sensing techniques combined with geophysical studies

“…In some case studies, non‐invasive subsurface geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and/or seismic reflection studies were used to encompass the lateral variability of tsunami deposits and other tsunami‐related phenomena such as basal unconformities and erosional channels (Cita & Rimoldi, ; Vött et al ., ; Koster & Reicherter, ; Goodmann & Austin, ; Gouramanis et al ., ; Costa et al ., ; Kempf et al ., ; Wunderlich et al ., ). Sounding using direct push (DP) in situ techniques can significantly facilitate site characterization and improve the quality and resolution of sediment coring (McCall et al ., ; Maliva, ). Beside the fact that DP techniques are much less time‐consuming than common sediment drilling, in situ measurements also do not entail the risks of sediment compaction or contamination (Hausmann, ).…”

Applying theHPT‐GWSfor Hydrostratigraphy, Water Quality and Aquifer Recharge Investigations

“…Direct push (DP) injection logging has been under development for investigation of unconsolidated formations for several years (Pitkin et al ; Chapuis and Chenaf ; Butler et al ; Dietrich et al ; Kober et al ; McCall et al , ; Reiffsteck et al ; Geoprobe ; Liu et al ; Dietze and Dietrich ). The hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) is an injection probe that has one screened port on the side of the probe.…”