Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Fenvalerate Against Several Insect and Mite Pests of Apple and Pear in Oregon1

Zwick, R. W.; Fields, G. J.

doi:10.1093/jee/71.5.793

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…While predatory mites seem to be the primary predators of spider mites on fruit trees (Hoyt et aL, 1978;Zwick and Fields, 1978;AliNiazee and Cranham, 1980;Hull et al, 1985), the major natural enemies of spider mites on cotton in Calitbrnia, belong to a complex of generalist predators, that reach high densities in undisturbed fields (Eveleens et al, 1973;Ehler and van den Bosch, 1974;Ehler and Miller, 1978;Trichilo and Leigh, 1986). The simulations suggest that increased fecundity and shorter developmental duration make a smaller contribution to spider mite population growth on cotton, than does the loss of natural enemies, and therefore could not solely be responsible for outbreaks that were observed to occur in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Trichilo

Wilson

1993

Exp Appl Acarol

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A simulation model was used to as~ss the role of several mechanisms proposed to be responsible for spider mite outbreaks on cotton that are typically observed following applications of insecticides. Simulation results were compared to an outbreak that occurred after two pyrethroid applications on cotton in a controlled experiment in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In the model, physiological cffects were simulated by increasing spider mite fecundity and decreasing developmental duration, whereas loss of natural enemies was simulated by increasing spider mite age-specific survival. At the levels simulated, smwival had the greatest impact on maximum spider mite density, degree days (°D) to maximum density, and cumulative spider mite-°D, whereas fecundity had the least, and developmental duration had an intermediate effect. There were substantial two-way interactions anlong all three life history parameters, with age-specific survival having the most influence. Surviwd had the greatest effect on spider mite population dynamics when in combination with short development',d duration. The influence of developmental duration on maximum spider mite density was greater than comparable percentage changes in fecundity, an effect that was more pronounced at high than at low survival, Changing fecundity, developmental duration, or age-specific survival individually did not result in a spider mite outbreak of the magnitude observed in the field. However, changing these three parameters simultaneously, resulted in a simulated maximum density of 8.000/m 2. which represents a 12-fold increase over the untreated control, and closely mimicked the previously observed field outbreak. It is proposed that spider mite outbreaks on cotton following insecticide applications are not solely the result of physiological stimulation, but are rather due to several life history parameters being affected simultaneously, with natural enemy-mediated survival having the greatest individual impact. Implications of chemically-induced phenomena afflicting spider mite management on cotton are discussed. INTRODU(YFIONOutbreaks of herbivorous arthropods such as spider mites, Tetranvchus spp., following applications of insecticides, have received much attention (Bartlett 1968;~A copy of thc crop and herbivore simttlation models can be obtained by sending an IBM compatible disk to L.T. Wilson.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Trichilo

Wilson

1993

Exp Appl Acarol

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“…Interestingly however, fenvalerate-treated females laid more eggs than control females at 34°C, at doses of 50 ppm and less (Table 1). Other studies confirm that synthetic pyrethroids can cause mite outbreaks (Hall 1977(Hall , 1979Hoyt et al, 1978;Zwick and Fields, 1978;Aliniazee and Cranham, 1980;Reed and Mouzin, 1981). Egg production of AVMBl-treated mites was highest at 24°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of avermectin B₁and fenvalerate on the survival, reproduction, and egg viability of the twospotted spider mitetetranychus urticaekoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

El-Banhawy

Anderson

1985

International Journal of Acarology

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The effects of avermectin BI (AVMB1) and fenvalerate on the survival, reproduction, and egg viability of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was assessed in laboratory tests at 16 °, 24 °, and 34°C. AVMBI was as much as 1000 x more effective than fenvalerate in producing adult mortality. The efficacy of AVMBI increased at 34 °C, whereas fenvalerate was slightly less effective at this high temperature. The 10-day residual activity of AVMB1 (1 ppm) increased with increasing temperature. Adult mortality was 4, 65, 9407o at 16 °, 24 °, and 34 °C, respectively. Fenvalerate (200 ppm) displayed a lower residual activity, producing little adult mortality at any temperature after 5 days. At concentrations as high as 50 ppm, AVMB1 showed little toxic effect ( < 1807o mortality) on newly laid eggs at 16 ° and 24°C. At 34°C, AVMB 1 caused 10007o egg mortality at rates as low as 12.5 ppm. The ovicidal effect of fenvalerate did not increase with temperature. At 400 ppm, fenvalerate produced 69, 56, 65°7o egg mortality at 16 °, 24 °, 34 °C, respectively. AVMB1 significantly accelerated egg development at 16 °C, where mean days to hatch was 14.32 for the control treatment, but < 11.98 for treated eggs. AVMB1 was significantly potentiated by emulsifiable oil. At 24 °C, AVMB1 (0.78 ppm):oil (0.12507o) combinations produced 100°70 egg mortality. Egg age also significantly influenced susceptibility to AVMB1, eggs being most susceptible ca. 10 h before hatching.

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“…Zwick and Fields (1978) reported that fenvalerate was very toxic to Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) and caused resurgences of European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) in apple orchards. Rock (1979) estimated the LC50 of permethrin and fenvalerate to Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) and Tetranychus urticae Koch and suggested that these compounds would be detrimental to integrated mite control.…”

Section: Resumementioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Two Pine Oils for Protecting Lodgepole Pine From Attack by Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Richmond

1985

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 117: 143-152 (1985) Residue analysis of apple foliage obtained from an orchard treated with the insecticides cypennethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, permethrin, and azinphos-methyl revealed detectable residues on the leaves 8-9 weeks after the last treatment. Laboratory studies of foliage showed that of the synthetic pyrethroids, permethrin was initially as toxic as the other synthetic pyrethroids; however, its toxicity decreased considerably by the 5th and 6th week post-treatment. Azinphos-methyl was the least persistent and toxic insecticide evaluated. Unless new pest-management strategies are developed, the use of synthetic pyrethroids post-bloom in an integrated-pest-management program would not be desirable where Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) is the principal predator of phytophagous mites.

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Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Fenvalerate Against Several Insect and Mite Pests of Apple and Pear in Oregon1

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Effects of avermectin B₁and fenvalerate on the survival, reproduction, and egg viability of the twospotted spider mitetetranychus urticaekoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Effectiveness of Two Pine Oils for Protecting Lodgepole Pine From Attack by Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

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Field and Laboratory Evaluations of Fenvalerate Against Several Insect and Mite Pests of Apple and Pear in Oregon1

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

An ecosystem analysis of spider mite outbreaks: physiological stimulation or natural enemy suppression

Effects of avermectin B1and fenvalerate on the survival, reproduction, and egg viability of the twospotted spider mitetetranychus urticaekoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Effectiveness of Two Pine Oils for Protecting Lodgepole Pine From Attack by Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

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Effects of avermectin B₁and fenvalerate on the survival, reproduction, and egg viability of the twospotted spider mitetetranychus urticaekoch (Acari: Tetranychidae)