Field and Analytical Studies of Transmission Line Shielding

Armstrong, Steven R.; Whitehead,

doi:10.1109/tpas.1968.291999

Cited by 231 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In this paper, the striking distance of the upright blade was calculated and compared with the result obtained with the traditional formulas ( Figure 6). The values obtained with this study are smaller than those of Armstrong and Whitehead [14] as well as the results given by IEEE [26], and are closer to the results of the formula recommended by IEEE. The calculation method used in this paper takes into account the effect of space charge that attenuates the electric field intensity around the blade tip receptor and making the generation of an UL more difficult, which leads to the decrease of R p .…”

Section: Numerical Calculation Of the Striking Distance Of The Blade supporting

confidence: 80%

“…The common assumption is the lightning will discharge to the object as long as it reaches the range of striking distance [14,15]. With the large-scale application of wind power, cluster development often occurs with wind turbines.…”

Section: The Principle Of Lightning Shielding Between Multiple Wind Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship can be expressed as: (14) where γ is the absolute humidity, g/m 3 ; δ is the relative air density; P is the atmospheric pressure, atm; T is the temperature, K; P0 is the atmospheric pressure at sea level under standard atmospheric …”

Section: Relationship Between Dmax and Pressure Temperature And Humimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (15)- (17) are incorporated with Equation (14) to obtain the relationship between the electric field intensity of streamer area E str and the altitude, represented as:…”

Section: Relationship Between D Max and Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in order to obtain an accurate result, δ and γ of the area have to be locally measured with instruments and be incorporated into Equation (14).…”

Section: Relationship Between D Max and Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

et al. 2017

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Wind turbine blades being struck by lightning is one of the most urgent problems facing wind farms. In order to reduce the probability of lightning accidents on wind farms, this paper presents a new electro-geometric model for multiple turbines. In this new model, based on the physical model of lightning leader development, the striking distance range of the blade tip receptor is calculated, taking into account the influence of the charged particles around the blade. Lightning shielding amongst multiple turbines is provided in combination with the traditional electro-geometric model, and a criterion formula is obtained for mutual shielding for multiple turbines. The influence of environmental factors, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, air humidity, and altitude, on lightning shielding on large-scale wind farms is also analyzed by studying the lightning shielding distance between wind turbines. The calculation shows that the larger the relative air density and the absolute humidity, and the lower the altitude, and the larger the lightning shielding distance between wind turbines. The method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the lightning protection on wind farms under different environmental conditions.

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Section: Numerical Calculation Of the Striking Distance Of The Blade supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: The Principle Of Lightning Shielding Between Multiple Wind Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Dmax and Pressure Temperature And Humimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (15)- (17) are incorporated with Equation (14) to obtain the relationship between the electric field intensity of streamer area E str and the altitude, represented as:…”

Section: Relationship Between D Max and Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in order to obtain an accurate result, δ and γ of the area have to be locally measured with instruments and be incorporated into Equation (14).…”

Section: Relationship Between D Max and Altitudementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

et al. 2017

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Prospective method of lightning protection schemes in distribution system

et al. 1999

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Grounding wires and enclosed ZnO elements have been incorporated generally in 6.6‐kV distribution systems by TEPCO for the reduction of lightning overvoltages. At present, the reliability to lightning surges is tolerably good. However, the facility of grounding wires is not inexpensive and its maintenance is hard due to corrosion and disconnection in some areas. A typical model simulating TEPCO field adopting enclosed ZnO elements has been developed and we have evaluated relative failure risks systematically according to conditions with and without grounding wires against lightning overvoltages. Two kinds of failures discussed in the paper are the flashover of insulation and the overduty of ZnO elements, and two kinds of induced and direct lightning overvoltages are studied in flashover. The greatest problem with no grounding wire is the increase of ZnO elements' duty, but it was demonstrated that a short partial grounding wire around ZnO elements or the selection of heavier ZnO elements provides a solution. The main objectives of this study are to clarify the relative failure risks systematically according to realistic field conditions, the risk of small stroke currents having long duration to ZnO elements' duty, and countermeasures against ZnO elements' overduty. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(1): 1–10, 1999

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Analysis of the lightning‐attractive radius for wind turbines considering the developing process of positive attachment leader

et al. 2017

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In this paper, we have presented the upward leader propagation model, considering the transition of stream leader process by the finite element method and analyzing the inception and subsequent physical processes of upward leader and the attractive radius for large wind turbines. For validating our model, the comparison of simulated results with the optically high‐speed video observation shows that the model can predict an accepted result of upward leader from a 163 m tall tower, the simulated upward leader velocity and length before final jump are 2.3 × 105 m/s and 187.67 m presented by Warner (2010), which are very similar to the observed results of 2.8 × 105 m/s and 184 m, respectively. At the same time, we find that the assumed constant speed ratio of downward/upward leader is improper and cannot accurately predict the attractive radius by lightning strike. Also, the simulated results are compared with the widely used EGM (electro geometric model), and it is found that the EGM has an obvious underestimation of attractive radius more than 50%.

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Field and Analytical Studies of Transmission Line Shielding

Cited by 231 publications

References 8 publications

An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

Prospective method of lightning protection schemes in distribution system

Analysis of the lightning‐attractive radius for wind turbines considering the developing process of positive attachment leader

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